景观生态学在海岸带地区的研究进展

海岸带是景观生态学研究的重要领域,并且取得了长足的发展。系统剖析景观生态学在海岸带陆地土地利用变化的景观格局分析与优化、滨海湿地景观格局破碎化及其生态效应、海岛开发和保护的景观规划与设计、近岸海域空间开发的景观格局分析与评价、海洋环境过程与空间格局的相互作用关系等领域研究取得的成绩及其存在的主要问题。在此基础上,结合我国生态文明建设要求,探讨了景观生态学在海洋生态文明建设中的研究尺度匹配、格局-过程耦合理论引导、景观格局指数量化考核方面的学科优势。景观生态学可以在围填海平面设计与规划研究、海岸带生态修复与景观建设、海洋保护区选划与管理、海岛开发与保护、海陆统筹下的海岸带综合管理等方面开拓应用发展领域,助力海洋生态文明建设,承担建设海洋强国、美丽海洋的新使命。同时也为景观生态学在近岸海洋资源环境中的应用、近岸海洋景观生态学的发展梳理框架与思路。

Advances in coastal landscape ecology and its role in the construction of marine ecological civilization

Over the last ten years, considerable progress has been made in the field of coastal landscape ecology, an important branch of landscape ecology. The present study reviews the applications of landscape ecology to coastal land use and land cover changes with an emphasis on landscape pattern analysis and optimization; coastal wetland landscape fragmentation and its ecological effects; the role of island-oriented planning and design in landscape exploration and protection; marine applications of landscape pattern analysis and assessment; marine environmental processes; and coupling of spatial patterns. The focus is on the progress and challenges of these main issues. In addition to the objectives and requirements for the construction of ecological civilization in China, the advantages of landscape ecology in scale matching, pattern-process coupling, and landscape pattern quantitative assessment are addressed. According to landscape pattern and process theory, the selection and accompanying graphic design of reclamation sites must take into consideration the normal marine biological and hydrological processes. As far as ecological restoration of the coastal zone and landscape construction is concerned, we highlight the importance of restoring ecological processes in addition to restoring landscape patterns. Based on the theories of landscape heterogeneity, island biogeography, and minimum area requirements, the patches of high ecological value are outlined and managed as marine conservation areas. The introduction of new landscape types and pattern adjustment to island landscapes is proposed for further development. With regard to the management of source and sink landscape types in land-marine planning, upstream landscape pattern optimization for the control of downstream aquatic eutrophication is also discussed. The present study provides a framework for the application of landscape ecology in coastal zones and is expected to support ecological civilization.