高压静电胁迫对麦长管蚜种群生长发育与繁殖的影响

为了探究高压静电场对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fabriciusde的影响。采用特定年龄生命表的方法,设置2、4、6 k V/cm辐射强度处理小麦种子和出生24h内的1龄若蚜。统计连续20代电场胁迫后麦长管蚜生命表种群参数、繁殖参数以及存活率的变化。结果表明:(1)经高压静电场处理后麦长管蚜的内禀增长率(r)在2 k V/cm和4 k V/cm强度时受影响显著(P0.05),但两者表现的世代不同,2 k V/cm和4 k V/cm的最低值分别出现在第20代和第10代。(2)麦长管蚜的净增值率(R0)、平均世代周期(T)、繁殖力(F)、成虫寿命和产仔天数等参数均呈现前期受高压静电场影响各处理组均显著低于对照组(P0.05),随着世代的增加高压静电处理组与对照组无显著差异。(3)麦长管蚜的特定年龄阶段存活率曲线受世代和高压静电场强度的影响显著。研究结论:麦长管蚜的生长发育和繁殖受世代和高压静电场强度的双重影响,且两者具有交互效应。研究的创新点在于:模拟自然条件下(同时对植物和昆虫进行高压静电场辐射处理)高压静电场对麦长管蚜的影响,为蚜虫生态遗传进化和生态控蚜提供理论依据。

Effect of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on the growth and fecundity of Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

High Voltage Electrostatic Field (HVEF) as an environmental factor has been proved significantly influenced living beings. The rapid increase of HVEF in recent years is due to the industrial and household machines and appliances, high-voltage power grids and medical devices. Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is one of the most common pests of wheat. It damages plants by ingesting sap from the ears, stems, leaves, and other tender plant parts. Itis also known to transmit viruses (e.g., barley yellow dwarf virus) during feeding, thereby reducing wheat yield and quality. Additionally its characteristics of parthenogenesis and high fecundity render it a good subject for research into the adaptation and evolution of insects. Raw-data analysis of an age-stage, two-sex life table is possible even though aphids reproduce parthenogenetically. In comparison to traditional age-specific life tables, two-sex life table analysis offers the following advantages: since it takes variability into account, it is more realistic than analyses based solely on the means of development times; it deals with the entire population (males, females, and those that die before the adult stages); and in simulation studies, it takes into account the complete age-stage distribution of the population. The last point is important because while only specific stages are sampled in field studies, different stages have different susceptibilities to insecticides, and behavioral patterns vary widely between stages. To explore the influence of HVEF on S. avenae, the age-stage life table of S. avenae was established to evaluate its life-table parameters. Wheat seeds and S. avenae nymphs born within 24 h of the experiment were exposed to HVEF for 20 mi at three intensities: 2, 4 and 6kV/cm. The results showed that: (1) the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was significantly lower than ck(P < 0.05) at 2 and 4kV/cm, the minimum value was observed in the 20^th and 10^th generations respectively. (2) The net reproductive rate (R₀), mean generation span (T), fecundity, adult longevity, and oviposition period of S. avenae exposed to HVEF were allsignificantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of control at early generations, but no differences were found at late generations. (3) The age-specific survival rates of S. avenae were significantly influenced by generation and HVEF. The growth and development of S. avenae was affected by the intensity of HVEF and the generation of the organism, and the interaction of the two factors was also significant. As is well known, chemical control is often used within an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program to keep the numbers of pests below the economic threshold. However, farmers often increase the quantity and frequency of insecticide usage to prevent pest damage without regarding the consequences. We demonstrate that HVEF affects aphid growth, developmengt and survival, thus it may provide a new tool for aphid control.