生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展

生态系统服务的持续供给是社会和自然可持续发展的基础,人类通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足需求和提高自身福祉。研究人类对生态系统服务的需求、消费,分析生态系统服务的供给与需求关系,对生态系统的管理、土地发展规划和资源的合理有效配置具有重要意义。首先分析了生态系统服务需求、供给和消费的内涵与特征,辨析了生态系统服务的有效需求和潜在需求、有效供给与潜在供给,进而提出了生态系统服务需求与供给研究框架,指出应研究生态系统服务供给和需求的空间关联以及生态系统服务需求弹性差异,进而因地制宜地调控生态系统服务供给使得生态系统服务效用最大化。梳理并比较了对生态系统服务供给和需求的量化指标和研究方法,包括基于土地利用和土地覆被的生态系统服务供需关系矩阵法、生态足迹法、公众参与法、模型计算法等。提出了未来的相关研究主要应从不同群体的需求弹性差异、跨学科与多源数据结合的需求定量评估方法、供需关系的多尺度分析、生态系统服务需求与人类福祉的耦合机制拓展等方面展开,为生态系统服务调控管理和社会的可持续发展提供切实可行的科学依据。

Review and prospective applications of demand, supply, and consumption of ecosystem services

Humans meet their needs and improve their well-being through the consumption of ecosystem services; thus, sustainable supply of ecosystem services is fundamental for the sustainable development of society and nature. Therefore, for effective ecosystem management, land development planning, and rational allocation of resources it is necessary to understand ecosystem services demand, consumption, supply, and supply-demand relations. Firstly, this study analyzed the characteristics of ecosystem services demand, supply, and consumption, as well as the relationship between the effective/potential demand and supply. Subsequently, the research framework of ecosystem services demand and supply was established, which showed that different regions could regulate ecosystem services supply to achieve maximum utility according to local conditions, based on the results of spatial correlation between ecosystem service supply and demand and demand elasticity differences. Furthermore, the measured indicators and approaches for quantifying ecosystem service supply and demand were reviewed and compared, including supply and demand relationship matrix methods based on land use and land cover, ecological footprint approaches, and public participation methods and model calculations. Finally, future research directions were suggested, including demand elasticity differences among different human groups, interdisciplinary quantitative evaluation methods of ecosystem service demands with multisource data, the analysis of multiple spatiotemporal interactions between supply and demand of ecosystem services, and coupling mechanisms of ecosystem service demands and human well-being, which could provide a practical scientific foundation for the regulation and management of ecosystem services and sustainable society development.