圈养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)个性及与麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系

于2016年6月20日至8月10日在四川马尔康林麝繁育场开展,采用基于量表的个性评价法对172头（雌麝59头,雄麝113头）圈养林麝进行了个性评价,建立了圈养林麝个性维度,并探索了个性维度与其麝香分泌和繁殖成效的关系。结果表明：因子分析各项载荷值均大于0.4,Cronbach''s α分析结果为0.648,表明个性量表具有较好的一致性信度和结构效度。此外,特征根大于1时,圈养林麝的侵略性、活跃性、刻板性、胆怯性及社会性五大个性维度可解释70.77%的个性信息,并通过聚类分析,进一步验证了维度划分的合理性;雄性林麝的社会性维度和麝香分泌量存在显著正相关（r=0.234,P < 0.05）,社会性越强（展现出更多的互饰接触、共同摄食等亲和行为的个体）,其泌香量越高;侵略性（r=0.463,P < 0.05）、活跃性（r=0.440,P < 0.05）、刻板性（r=0.595,P < 0.05）与雌性分娩时间存在显著正相关关系,即个性越强,分娩时间越晚,此外,刻板性与产仔数呈显著负相关（r=-0.341,P < 0.05）,表明圈养林麝的繁殖成效主要受刻板性维度影响,刻板性强的个体对繁殖成效会有一个负面的效应。

Studies on the personality and relationships of musk secretion and reproduction success in captive Forest musk deer

The study was carried out at the Maerkang musk deer farm (MMF), Sichuan Province, from June 20 to August 10th, 2016. We used the personality scale to conduct personality evaluation of 172 (59 female and 113 male) forest musk deer. The personality dimension of the captive forest musk deer was established and the relationship between the personality dimension and effect of musk secretion and reproduction was explored. The results showed that all load values of factor analysis were more than 0.4 and results of Cronbach''s alpha analysis were 0.648. This demonstrates that the personality scale shows consistently reliable and structurally valid results. Additionally, when the characteristic root was greater than 1, the five personality dimensions of aggression, activity, stereotypy, timidity, and sociality of the captive forest musk deer explained 70.77% of personality information; the rationality of the dimension division was further verified by cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the sociality dimension and musk secretion (r=0.234, P=0.023), higher sociality (individuals showing more intimate contact and co-ingestion), higher musk secretion was associated with greater aggressiveness (r=0.463, P=0.003 < 0.05), activity (r=0.440, P=0.005 < 0.05), and stereotypy (r=0.595, P=0.000 < 0.05) were significantly positively correlated with the time of delivery. A stronger personality was associated with a later delivery time, while stereotypy and litter size were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.341, P=0.034 < 0.05). These results indicate that the breeding effect of the captive forest musk deer was mainly influenced by the stereotypy dimension, and stereotypy individuals had a negative effect on reproductive effectiveness.