西南地区生态重要性格局研究

生态保护重要性是表征区域生态系统结构和功能重要性程度的综合指标。在明确西南地区自然环境特征和关键生态问题的基础上,综合分析生态敏感性和生态服务功能重要性,构建西南生态重要性评估指标体系,并运用GIS技术识别具有重要保护意义的地区,为优化生态保护策略、划定生态红线和主体功能区划提供技术支持。研究表明:西南地区生态保护极重要区为75.7万km2,主要分布于雅鲁藏布江流域、横断山区、川西高原等地区。该区占西南地区总面积的32.5%,提供了59.4%的土壤保持总量和54.5%的水源涵养总量,保护了69.7%的重要物种。研究建议,划定极重要区为生态红线进行强制性严格保护,以保障和维护生态安全,促进西南地区可持续发展。

Assessment of the ecological importance patterns in southwest China

The importance of ecological conservation is a comprehensive index representing the importance of ecosystem structure and ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of natural environmental characteristics and the key ecological problems in southwest China, this study constructed an index system of ecological conservation importance by a comprehensive consideration of ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service, as well as the application of a GIS platform. In addition, the article also discussed spatial distribution features and their significance. The results showed that the area of extreme importance is 757200 km². It is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Tsangpo river basin, Hengduan Mountainous, and Western Sichuan Plateau. The area accounts for 32.5% of the southwest area, providing 59.4% of the soil conservation, 54.5% of the water retention, and 69.7% of the attentive protected species. The results suggest that the extremely important areas act as an ecological protection redline and should be strictly protected to maintain ecological security and promote sustainable development in southwest China.