火炬树(Rhus typhina)叶挥发性成分及其对两种叶螨选择行为的影响

火炬树为我国于1959年引进的速生绿化观赏性植物,其生长快,长势旺盛,抗病虫害和抗螨能力强,但还未见到其抗螨性和抗螨机理的研究报道.测定了火炬树叶挥发性成分及其对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch和山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher选择行为的影响,利用固相微萃取(Solid phase microextraction, SPME)采集、GC-MS测定火炬树叶挥发物,"Y"型嗅觉仪分别测定挥发物对两种叶螨选择行为的影响.结果表明,火炬树叶挥发性成分含量由高至低依次为4,6-二特丁基-2-甲基苯酚、4-庚醇、3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-二十二三烯-1-醇、丁基化羟基甲苯、α-法呢烯、十八烯、4-甲基-1-丙烯-3-醇、水杨酸甲酯和苯甲酸乙酯等;在两组气味源(火炬树叶与苹果树叶、火炬树叶与空气)中,二斑叶螨对火炬树叶的选择率分别为9.3%和28.9%,山楂叶螨则分别为5.6%和28%,与对照差异显著,但种间差异不显著.因此可以看出,火炬树叶挥发物对叶螨的选择行为具有一定的影响.

Volatile constituents in leaves of Rhus typhina and their influence on selective behavior of two species of mites

Staghorn sumac, Rhus typhina, an introduced tree species in China in 1959 as an ornamental plant and it has been growing very well with high resistance to pests including mites. For determining the substances of its resistance to two economically important mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. viennensis Zacher, the volatiles in the R. typhina leaves were collected with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and their constituents were identified with GC-MS. The main compounds of foliar volatiles and the order of the content from high to low were as follows: phenol,4,6-di(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-2-meth, 4-heptanol, 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, butylated hydroxytoluene, alpha.-farnesene, 1-octadecene, 1-penten-3-ol,4-methyl-, methyl salicylate and benzoic acid, ethyl ester. The influence of foliar volatiles on attraction to T. urticae Koch and T. viennensis Zacher was determined by Y-tube olfactometer. In two groups of foliar volatiles, i.e. Staghorn sumac vs. apple and Staghorn sumac vs. clear air, the attractive percentage of T. urticae to Staghorn sumac was 9.3% and 28.9% and that of T. viennensis was 5.6% and 28%, respectively. It was showed that the difference of the attractive percentage between Staghorn sumac leaves and controls was significant, while the difference between the two provided mites was insignificant. It was indicated from above results that the foliar volatiles of Staghorn sumac had certain roles on the attractive and selective behaviors of the two mites.