城市生态学自然模拟实验研究进展

自然模拟实验，通过适当控制影响因素研究自然状态下生态系统变化，已经越来越受到生态学家的欢迎。新兴的快速发展的城市生态学越来越多的采用自然模拟实验方法。研究从城市生态学的实验设计方法(如人工梯度、自然梯度和城市建设实验)、环境因子(如空气污染、热岛、灯光和地表硬化)生态效应和生态系统(如社区、绿地、绿化屋顶和集水区)响应等方面，分析了国内外大量城市生态学自然模拟实验的研究案例，并总结了城市生态学自然模拟实验的特点，指出了城市生态学模拟实验应该考虑的主要问题，并提出未来主要发展方向：(1)多种环境因子复合影响模拟实验研究，(2)生态系统结构和功能响应模拟实验研究，(3)近自然的长期模拟实验研究，(4)大范围的联网模拟实验研究和(5)面向城市生态恢复和建设的模拟实验研究。希望研究能够为推进我国城市生态学的实验研究起到抛砖引玉作用。

Research progress of natural manipulative experiment in urban ecology

The natural manipulative experiment, by controlling influencing factors appropriately to study changes in the ecosystem under natural conditions, has become more and more popular with ecologists. This article, which focused on the experimental design methods of urban ecology (such as artificial gradients, natural gradients and urban construction experiments), environmental factors (such as air pollution, heat islands, nightlight and surface hardening) and the response of urban ecosystems (such as communities, green spaces, green roofs and watersheds), reviewed a great number of cases using natural manipulative experiments in urban ecology at home and abroad. It also summarized the characteristics of the natural manipulative experiment of urban ecology, pointed out that the main problems which should be considered in the urban ecology manipulative experiment, and proposed the main development direction in the future:(1) Manipulative experiments on the compound impact of multiple environmental factors; (2) Manipulative experiments on the response of the ecosystem structure and function; (3) Long-term near-natural manipulative experiments; (4) Large-scale network of manipulative experiments; (5) Manipulative experiments on the urban ecological restoration and construction. We hope that this review can play a role in advancing the experimental research of urban ecology in China.