景观规划中的生态廊道宽度

生态廊道具有保护生物多样性、过滤污染物、防止水土流失、防风固沙、调控洪水等多种功能。建立生态廊道是景观生态规划的重要方法,是解决当前人类剧烈活动造成的景观破碎化以及随之而来的众多环境问题的重要措施。按照生态廊道的主要结构与功能,可将其分为线状生态廊道、带状生态廊道和河流廊道3种类型。生态廊道设计包括的关键问题有廊道数目、本底、宽度、联接度、构成要素、关键点(区)等。由于生态廊道结构与功能的复杂性,使得廊道的宽度具有很大的不确定性。具体的讲,生态廊道的宽度由保护目标、植被情况、廊道功能、周围土地利用,廊道长度等多个因素决定。合适的廊道宽度应该根据对廊道主要生态过程的研究来确定。从景观的结构与功能分析出发,分别从生物保护廊道和河流廊道两方面对生态廊道的宽度及其影响因素进行分析,并对相关研究成果进行综述,总结得出两种类型生态廊道的适宜宽度值范围。最后提出确定宽度时应该注意的相关问题。

The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning

Ecological corridors have many functions such as biodiversity conservation, contamination filtration, erosion prevention and flood control. As an important element in landscape planning and design, ecological corridors can be used to reduce the negtative impact of landscape fragmentation. According to their different structures and functions, ecological corridors can be classified into linear, strip, and stream corridors. The planning and design of ecological corridors are mainly composed of several key elements including number, context, width, connectivity, component, key points and areas. The width of ecological corridors is usually an uncertain parameter depending on the complexity of the structures and functions of the ecological corridors themselves, and it is the function of a number of parameters such as target species, vegetation, functions of corridors, surrounding land uses and length of corridors. Scientific and appropriate width of ecological corridors should be determined based on the research of defferent ecological processes within the corridor. Starting from the analysis of the structure and function of landscape, this review analyzed the width of ecological corridors and its determinants from the perspective of biodiversity conservation; appropriate ranges of width were summarized from several case studies. Principles to define width were also proposed.