面向生态监管的多等级生态功能网格概念与框架

科学有效的生态监管是落实我国生态文明建设、保障区域生态安全、实现城市可持续发展的必要途径和重要抓手。生态系统的监管涉及到社会、经济、自然等多个维度，水、土、气、生等多类要素，国家到局地等多个尺度。目前，已有生态监管常存在生态系统、生态要素、行政单元的割裂。如何整体考虑以上特征，开展科学的、系统的、空间显性的生态监管亟需理论技术的创新。通过整合等级斑块动态范式、复合生态系统理论、多功能景观理论，构建了多等级生态功能网格框架，以期为生态监管提供一个综合的概念与技术框架。等级斑块动态范式从等级作用的角度构建了多等级网格骨架，复合生态系统理论从多个维度丰富了多等级网格内涵，多功能景观理论明确了网格的功能。通过耦合多等级生态功能网格的划分、评价和监管，可实现系统、整体、差异化的生态监管，为生态文明建设提供有力支撑。

A conceptual framework of the hierarchical patches with multiple ecological functions for ecosystem supervision

Ecological supervision which is comprised of ecological monitoring and management is crucially important for the health and sustainability of the ecosystem. In China, the government has put great efforts into ecological civilization construction to ensure regional ecological security, and finally to achieve sustainable development. To achieve that goal, we urgently need a scientific and effective ecological supervision framework to guide the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological supervision related to multiple dimensions such as social, economic, natural dimensions which directly or indirectly affect the eco-environment, and involves a broad range of elements such as water, soil, atmosphere, biodiversity, etc. which supervised by different government departments, and across many scales from regional ecosystem to local patches which governed by different levels of jurisdictions. Due to the mismatching of ecological processes and social management systems, the supervision of the ecosystem at present is separated in many ways. For example, the supervision of a forest ecosystem was usually separated by administrative boundaries, and the supervision of the trees, water, and atmosphere of the forest were belonging to a different department. The separation of those dimensions, elements, and scales will lead to insufficient information for decision-making. Thus, it is essential to develop a framework to integrate those parts and guide the ecological supervision in a scientific, systematic, and spatial explicit way. Our research developed a hierarchical ecological patch (HEP) framework by integrating the hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm, the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory, and multifunctional theory. The hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm provides a holistic scheme to organize different dimensions, elements, and scales. The hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm considers the ecosystem as a nested structure comprised of patches, providing spatial explicit objects for supervision. In addition, the hierarchical structure of the patches enables supervision in and across different scales. The social-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory provides a comprehensive view to understand the patches. In the past, the patches in the hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm merely represented biologically related features. In the HEP framework, however, each patch in all scales must also consider social and economic features, which are the key information to bridge the ecological process and the social management system. With the multifunctional theory, each dimension of a patch can be further divided into specific functions, which is crucial for making corresponding monitoring and supervising strategies. Therefore, the HEP framework we developed here is expected to realize the scientific, systematic, and spatial explicit ecological supervision and eventually support the construction of ecological civilization.