海南岛生态环境质量时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的响应

海南岛是气候变化敏感区以及生态环境脆弱区。近几十年气候变化和人类活动深刻地影响着海南岛的生态环境质量。然而，针对海南生态环境质量时空演变及其对气候变化与人类活动响应的规律还不清晰，理解这些规律对实现海南岛可持续发展目标具有重要意义。基于多源遥感数据，利用改进的遥感生态环境指数(MRSEI)探究了海南岛1992—2015年生态环境质量时空变化特征以及其对气候变化以及人类活动的响应，并利用像元尺度的多元回归法对比了气候变化与人类活动对生态环境质量变化的贡献。结果表明：(1)MRSEI指数适用于大区域，可用于本研究中的海南岛生态环境质量评价；(2)近24年，海南岛生态环境质量呈现波动上升的趋势，且在所有土地利用类型中，林地的MRSEI最高，多年平均值达到0.812;(3)MRSEI与气温、降雨呈现出显著正相关关系，与以夜间灯光表征的人类活动在沿海以及各市县的主城区呈现显著负相关关系；(4)气候变化在MRSEI演变中的贡献整体要高于人类活动影响。为海南中国特色自由贸易港建设中生态环境与经济社会协同发展研判提供科学的定量支撑，并为制定相应的政策提供依据。

Spatio-temporal evolution of eco-environment quality and the response to climate change and human activities in Hainan Island

Hainan Island is a climate change sensitive area and a fragile eco-environmental area. In recent decades, climate change and human activities have profoundly affected the eco-environmental quality of Hainan Island. However, the temporal and spatial evolution of eco-environmental quality and its response to climate change and human activities in Hainan Island in recent decades are not clear. Understanding these issues is of great significance to achieve the goal of sustainable development of Hainan Island. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this study used Modified Remote Sensing Ecological Index (MRSEI) to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of eco-environmental quality of Hainan Island from 1992 to 2015, and analyzed the response of eco-environmental quality of Hainan Island to climate change and human activities in recent 24 years. The relative importance of climate change and human activities to the eco-environmental quality was compared based on the multiple regression method of pixel scale. The results showed that:(1) the MRSEI index is applicable to large area and can be used in the evaluation of Hainan Island''s eco-environmental quality in this study; (2) In the past 24 years, the eco-environmental quality of Hainan Island was a fluctuating upward trend. And in all land-use patterns, the eco-environmental quality of forest land was the highest, with the multi-year average MRSEI reaching 0.812; (3) MRSEI had a significantly positive correlation with temperature and rainfall, and a significant negative correlation with human activities, which is characterized by the nighttime light, in the coastal areas and the main urban areas of cities and counties; 4) In the past 24 years, the contribution of climate change including air temperature and precipitation variables in the evolution of MRSEI was overall higher than the impact of human activities. This work is expected to provide the quantified information on the coordination between ecological conservation and economic development in the construction process of Hainan Free Trade Port, and give scientific knowledge to formulate corresponding policies.