气候变化条件下全氟化合物对海岸带可持续发展的影响及管控策略

海岸带生态系统为人类提供了食物、水等丰富的物质以及文化、休闲等生态系统服务。但由于全氟化合物等污染物的排放和气候变化的影响，海岸带地区环境日益恶化、资源枯竭、极端气候灾害加剧。这些问题直接导致了海岸带水质下降、近海生物多样性减少、生物群落结构变化，海岸带生态系统可持续发展受到影响。全氟化合物在自然环境中难以降解，会沿食物链在生物体内累积和放大进而对人类健康造成风险。随着氟化工产业在我国的快速发展、新型全氟化合物的不断更替以及气候变化的加剧，全氟化合物对海岸带生态的影响面临着极大的不确定性。为了更好地服务海岸带生态系统的可持续发展，目前仍需要加快完善立法保障，在全国范围内对全氟化合物进行监测；将海洋与陆地作为一个有机整体，统筹陆地影响和海岸带管控，严格控制污染物的排放。

Impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances on sustainable development of coastal marine ecosystems under climate change

As a critical zone of sea-land interaction, coastal marine ecosystem can not only provide food, water, energy, goods and living space for human beings, but also provide ecosystem services such as culture, entertainment and leisure. It is a spatial carrier of important transportation and trade infrastructure, which is of great ecological, economic and social significance. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the dense population in coastal areas and the frequent exchange of matter and energy make coastal ecosystems extremely sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and pollution. Due to the combined effects of human activities and climate change, emerging ecological problems have caused the decline of coastal water quality, the decrease of coastal biodiversity, and the change of biological community structure. At the same time, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely found in coastal zones around the world. As a series of man-made persistent organic compounds, PFASs were proved to have potential developmental toxicity, immune toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. They are difficult to degrade in the natural environment, and can accumulate and amplify in marine organisms along the food chain, posing a health risk to humans. With the rapid development of fluorinated chemical industry in China, the continuous replacement of new type of PFASs together with the aggravation of climate change, the impact of PFASs on coastal ecosystem is facing great uncertainty. It is of vital importance to maintain the sustainable management of the coastal marine ecosystem by improving legislation, carrying out nationwide monitoring of PFASs, controlling over pollutants discharge, and establishing an integrated coastal zone management mechanism.