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碳酸钙对水稻吸收重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn)和As的影响
引用本文:钟倩云,曾敏,廖柏寒,李婧菲,孔晓燕.碳酸钙对水稻吸收重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn)和As的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1242-1248.
作者姓名:钟倩云  曾敏  廖柏寒  李婧菲  孔晓燕
作者单位:中南林业科技大学林学院
基金项目:环保公益性行业科研专项(201009047);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41201530);长沙市科技计划重点项目(K1109004);湖南省重点学科建设项目
摘    要:选用重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn)和As复合污染土壤进行水稻盆栽试验,结果表明,碳酸钙的添加显著提高了土壤pH值,显著降低了土壤中交换态Pb、Cd、Zn和As的含量,与对照相比,交换态Pb、Cd、Zn和As含量分别最多降低了98.35%,93.72%,98.52%和69.48%。碳酸钙对水稻根、稻谷干重和总生物量没有显著影响,添加量过高时显著降低了水稻分蘖数和茎叶干重,说明过量施用碳酸钙对水稻生长会产生负面作用。因为碳酸钙的添加,水稻植株各部位重金属Zn含量显著降低,糙米中Zn含量最多减少了34.95%;根、谷壳中Pb、Cd含量显著降低,但糙米中含量却未显著降低;水稻各部位As含量均没有显著降低。参照《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762—2012),试验糙米中Pb、Cd、无机As含量均未达到限量标准。显然,碳酸钙的添加降低了Pb、Cd、Zn的生物有效性(水稻根系对Pb、Cd、Zn的吸收累积减少),但并未有效地抑制Pb、Cd向糙米转运;碳酸钙显著降低了土壤的交换态As含量,但并未使土壤中As的生物有效性明显降低(水稻植株各部位的As含量并未显著减少)。

关 键 词:重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn)    碳酸钙  水稻
收稿时间:2013/4/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/12/3 0:00:00

Effects of CaCO3 addition on uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in paddy fields
ZHONG Qianyun,ZENG Min,LIAO Bohan,LI Jingfei and KONG Xiaoyan.Effects of CaCO3 addition on uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in paddy fields[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(4):1242-1248.
Authors:ZHONG Qianyun  ZENG Min  LIAO Bohan  LI Jingfei and KONG Xiaoyan
Institution:ZHONG Qianyun;ZENG Min;LIAO Bohan;LI Jingfei;KONG Xiaoyan;College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology;
Abstract:We conducted a pot experiment of rice planting with a complex soil polluted with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn) and arsenic (As) to study the effects of the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contents of exchangeable heavy metals and arsenic in soil, on the agronomic features and biomass of rice plants, and on the contents of heavy metals and arsenic in different organs of rice plants such as roots, leaves, hulls and seeds. In addition, we studied the relationships between amount of CaCO3 and soil pH values, soil exchangeable contents of heavy metals and arsenic, and concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic in different organs of rice plants. The results showed that soil pH values increased with increasing amounts of CaCO3, and were significantly related to the amount of CaCO3. The exchangeable heavy metal and arsenic content in the soils decreased significantly after the addition of CaCO3. Compared with the control group, the exchangeable Pb, Cd, Zn and As content decreased by up to 98.35%, 93.72%, 98.52% and 69.48%, respectively. The addition of CaCO3 had no significant impact on the dry weight of rice roots, seeds and total biomass of the rice plants. Rice tiller weight and dry weights of stems and leaves decreased significantly at high CaCO3 levels, indicating that excessive CaCO3 addition might, to some extent, result in negative effects on rice growth. After the addition of CaCO3, the heavy metal and arsenic content in different organs of the rice plants showed a declining trend compared with that of the controls. The distribution of Pb, Cd, Zn and As in various organs of the rice plants varied; the amount of Pb, Cd and As in rice roots was significantly higher than that in the other organs. When the CaCO3 addition was greater than 1.0 g/kg, the Pb, Cd and Zn content of brown rice decreased by 62.68%, 40.2% and 34.95%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total arsenic content in different organs of the rice plants declined slightly, and the inorganic arsenic content reduced by 18.33%, but these decreases were not significant. Therefore, the biological effectiveness of arsenic was not effectively reduced by CaCO3 in this study. The Pb, Cd and inorganic As content in the brown rice was still higher than that stipulated in the national standard GB 2762-2012, Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food (Fruit). The addition of CaCO3 reduced the biological effectiveness of Pb, Cd and Zn, resulting in decreases in Pb, Cd and Zn content in the rice roots, but and did not effectively prevent the leaching of Pb and Cd from the roots of brown rice. The exchangeable arsenic content in the soils decreased significantly by adding CaCO3. However, the arsenic content in different rice organs did not significantly decrease, indicating that the biological effectiveness of arsenic did not significantly decrease in the soils.
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