低碳经济计量模式

首先对"低碳经济"进行了讨论,进而提出了"碳循环经济"概念;对现有碳计量进行研究,提出了相应改进计算公式:碳绩效和碳经济密度。最后,对碳责任分担进行了探讨,提出了发达国家和发展中国家"责任共担、区别对待"的碳责任担负的计算模式。

Research on the measurement model of low carbon economy

Economic globalization has highlighted the importance of a low-carbon economy and its necessary integration with the country''s development goals. Given this background, we analyze the carbon measurement model in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) and carbon emissions. Introducing population and land area into the relevant equation allows us to calculate per capita GDP, per capita carbon emissions, land economic density, and carbon emissions per unit of land area. These four derived factors help suggest corresponding improvements in the proposed formulae for the density of the carbon-carbon economy and its performance. Further, the World Bank''s World Development Indicators database and the International Monetary Fund''s World Economic Outlook database for 2005-2010 allow country-specific calculations pertaining to low-carbon economies. The results show that globally, economies are becoming increasingly low-carbon and the carbon density rate has improved, but environmental improvements remain distant. From 2005-2009, the carbon ratios of Ukraine, China, the Russian Federation, and South Korea increased, while those of France, Brazil, Italy, Britain, Australia, and Singapore decreased. However, a clear chimney effect, especially for China, is evident; the rates of improvement in terms of a low-carbon economy and carbon density are not optimistic. The ultimate goal of a global low-carbon economy is to control carbon emissions within the permitted range, but due to the economic growth of developing countries and the world in general, it is likely that total global carbon emissions will increase in the future. Thus, it is imperative to devise innovative ways to control total global carbon emissions effectively. Our results indicate that econometric and carbon countries should adopt a "double standard," in accordance with national differences in the country''s level of economic development and the principle of equity. Both developed and developing countries should assume shared responsibility for carbon emissions and control, wherein they can be quantified using the following proposed carbon calculation modes. Specifically, there are two major aspects in the "carbon responsibility model": (1) The developed countries would pay incrementally for their carbon "stocks." By differentiating between the "amount of carbon deposits" and the "increase in total annual carbon," the annual cost of controlling carbon emissions can be calculated for different countries, specifically, developing countries, which are likely to see increasing carbon emissions as a result of improved economic development. Countries would not only pay for future carbon growth but would also need to bear the cost of carbon accumulation resulting from past economic development. We would need to consider soft target assessment mechanisms for controlling carbon emissions per unit of the GDP. (2) Both developing and developed countries should undertake fixed target assessment mechanisms to control carbon emissions. Developing countries would adopt relatively fewer controls and attempt to ensure no increases in carbon emissions per unit of their respective GDPs. The international community would need to utilize a common computing model encompassing various technical parameters, especially carbon emissions correction values, which can be discussed and negotiated.