黑河下游湿地土壤有机氮组分剖面的分布特征

结合野外调查,用Bremner法研究了黑河下游湿地不同土壤类型的有机氮组分,结果表明:在0—50 cm土层,5种土壤有机氮均以酸解性氮为主,占全氮的71.04%—81.79%。泥炭土、沼泽土、草甸土、亚高山草甸土所含的酸解氮、非酸解氮和酸解氮组分氨态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮含量的剖面分布总体上均随土层深度的增加而呈降低趋势,而风沙土却相反,上述有机氮组分呈升高趋势。5种土壤酸解氮及其组分氨态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮占全氮比例的剖面分布总体上均随土层深度的增加而呈降低趋势,而非酸解氮却呈升高趋势。5种土壤酸解未知态氮含量及占全氮比例均在剖面分布上无明显特征。在0—30 cm各相同土层内,5种土壤酸解氮各组分含量及占全氮比例的大小顺序均为氨基酸态氮氨态氮未知态氮氨基糖态氮;而在30—50 cm土层,5种土壤酸解氮各组分含量及占全氮比例的大小顺序均无明显特征。此外,黑河下游湿地土壤干化、沙化过程中,表层0—10 cm土壤有机氮组分含量变化明显,其中土壤氨态氮对生态环境变化最为敏感。

Profile distribution characteristics of soil organic nitrogen fractions in the lower reaches of the Heihe River wetland

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important element in plant growth and an important part of the global ecosystem substances circulation. Organic N is both the main form of soil N and pool of mineral N. Soil organic N plays an important role in soil fertility, N cycling and environmental protection. Usually, the concentration and distribution of soil organic N mainly affected by soil types, soil level, rhizospheric environment, fertility and farming conditions, etc, and the chemical forms and status of soil organic N is the important factor affecting the availability of soil N. Currently, researchers have focused more on effect of different land use systems on changes of soil organic N fractions, dissolved organic N, particulate organic N and microbial biomass N, as well as effect of different fertilization and irrigation approaches on concentrations and composition of organic N fractions by using the Bremner''s method to separate soil organic N fractions. Combined with filed investigation, five types of soil samples in the lower reaches of Heihe river wetland were collected, and the organic N fractions were studied using the Bremner''s method, the results showed that acidolysable N was the dominant fraction of organic N in all the soil samples (0-50 cm soil layer), and the proportion of acidolysable N to total N was from 71.04% to 81.79%. The concentrations of acidolysable N, non-acidolysable N and acidolysable N fractions (ammonia N, amino acid N, amino sugar N) of Peat soil, Boggy soil, Meadow soil, Subalpine meadow soil decreased, but increased in the Aeolian sandy soil generally with soil depth in the profile. Furthermore, the proportions of acidolysable N and acidolysable N fractions (ammonia N, amino acid N, amino sugar N) to total N of all the soil samples generally decreased with soil depth in the profile distribution, while the proportion of non-acidolysable N to total N generally increased with soil depth in the profile distribution. The concentration of acidolysable unknown N and the proportion to total N of all the soil samples did not show any specific characteristics. In addition, in the same soil layer (0-30 cm), the concentrations of acidolysable N fractions and the proportions to total N varied as the followings: amino acid N > ammonia N > unknown N > amino sugar N; However, in 30-50 cm soil layer, the concentrations of acidolysable N fractions and the proportions to total N of the soil did not show any typic characteristics. Besides, the soil organic N fractions in the surface soil (0-10 cm) changed obviously along with the soil desiccation and desertification in the lower reaches of the Heihe River wetland, and the soil ammonia N of soil was the most sensitive one to the ecological environment factors.