长江中游城市群环境规制对旅游产业生态效率的影响及空间分异研究

随着旅游产业的快速发展，其对生态环境的负面影响逐渐增大。为缓解当前旅游经济发展与生态环境保护间存在的矛盾，政府有必要在制度层面发挥其对旅游企业的约束作用，减轻旅游环境压力，实现旅游产业可持续发展。基于此，首先采用超效率SBM模型测算2006-2017年长江中游城市群旅游产业生态效率。然后运用重心模型、标准差椭圆等地学方法刻画其空间格局演化特征。最后，以广义最小二乘法建立面板数据模型，分析环境规制对城市群旅游产业生态效率影响。主要结论为：1）2006-2017年长江中游城市群旅游产业生态效率总体始终处于生产前沿面以下，旅游产业生态发展的集约化程度较低。从区域尺度看，三大城市群间效率存在一定差异，环鄱阳湖城市群效率最大，而武汉城市圈最小。从空间格局上看，效率重心整体向东北方向移动，"东高-西低"的空间格局逐渐形成；2）三大子城市群环境规制与旅游产业生态效率间呈"U"型的非线性关系，表明当前总体环境规制水平仍然较低，对效率的增长起抑制作用，但从长远来看，随着环境规制的逐渐增强，其对旅游产业生态效率的影响开始向积极促进方向转变；3）三大子城市群环境规制对效率的影响程度不同，整体呈正向显著影响的城市数量较少，主要集聚在各子城市群的中心城市附近。

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Ecological Efficiency of Tourism Industry and Its Spatial Differentiation: Taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River As an Example

With the rapid development of tourism industry, its negative impact on the ecological environment is gradually increasing. In order to alleviate the contradiction between the development of tourism economy and the protection of ecological environment, it is necessary for the government to exert its constraint on tourism enterprises at the institutional level, so as to reduce the pressure of tourism environment and realize the sustainable development of tourism industry.Based on this, this paper firstly uses the super efficiency SBM model to measure the ecological efficiency of tourism industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2006 to 2017. Then, the evolution characteristics of spatial pattern are described by gravity model and standard deviation ellipse. Finally, the paper establishes the panel data model with generalized least square method to analyze the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the impact of environmental regulation on the ecological efficiency of tourism industry in urban agglomeration. The main conclusions are as follows:1) From 2006 to 2017, the overall ecological efficiency of tourism industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration has always been below the production frontier, and the ecological development of tourism industry has been at a low level.From the regional scale, there are some differences in the efficiency among the three urban agglomerations. The efficiency of the urban agglomeration around the Poyang Lake is the highest, while that of Wuhan urban agglomeration is the lowest. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the center of gravity of efficiency is moving to the northeast as a whole, and the spatial pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" is gradually formed; 2) The non-linear relationship between environmental regulation and eco efficiency of tourism industry in the three sub urban agglomerations shows that the overall level of environmental regulation is still low, and the intensity of environmental regulation plays a restraining role in the growth of eco efficiency of tourism industry. However, in the long run, with the gradual enhancement of environmental regulation, its impact on eco efficiency of tourism industry begins to change to a positive direction; 3) In the three sub urban agglomerations, the impact of environmental regulation on the eco efficiency of tourism industry is different. On the whole, the number of cities that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on the ecological efficiency of tourism industry is small, mainly concentrated near the central city of each sub urban agglomeration.