退化森林生态系统恢复评价研究综述

森林退化是一个世界性的问题,对退化的森林进行恢复评价是合理地进行森林生态系统管理的基础。介绍了森林退化的概念,综述了退化森林生态系统恢复评价的一般程序,主要包括恢复目标的确定、参照系的选择、评价指标体系的构建及定量评价等几个方面。目前,大多数退化森林恢复评价主要包括物种多样性、植被结构和生态学过程3个方面。其中,物种多样性包括物种丰富度和多度等;植被结构包括植被盖度、乔木密度、高度、胸高断面积、生物量和凋落物结构等;生态学过程包括养分库、土壤有机质以及生物间的相互关系等。不同的研究者或管理者由于对恢复其生态系统服务功能的需求存在差异,评价退化生态系统恢复的角度也不一样。恢复评价可以从特殊种群到整个生态系统的不同层次进行。在深刻理解森林退化定义的基础上,建立现实的目标和正确地选择参照系是恢复评价的前提。

A review on restoration evaluation studies of degraded forest ecosystem

Forest degradation is a problem taking place throughout the world. Restoration evaluation of degraded forests is a base for rational management of forest ecosystems. In this paper, the concept of forest degradation was introduced and the common procedures of restoration evaluation on degraded forest ecosystem were summarized, which included the goal-setting of restoration, the choice of reference ecosystem, establishment of evaluation indicator system and quantitative approaches of restoration evaluation. At present, most of restoration evaluation on degraded forest ecosystems covered three aspects, i.e. species diversity, vegetation structure and ecological processes. Species diversity focused on species richness and abundance, etc. Vegetation structure emphasized on vegetation coverage, tree density, tree height, basal area of trees, biomass and components of litter, etc. The ecological process centered on nutrient pools, soil organic matter and the biological interactions, etc. Due to different interests and demands for forest ecosystem services among researchers and managers, evaluation objective and its indicator system can be different at scales from special population to whole ecosystem. Based on deep understanding of forest degradation concept, defining the practical goal and choosing the appropriate reference system are the premises of restoration evaluation.