白鹤幼鹤行为发育

2012年10月至2013年5月,采用焦点取样法对在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区内秋季和春季迁徙停歇的以及在江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区内越冬的白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)幼鹤行为进行了研究。结果表明,幼鹤取食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的23.0%增加到越冬晚期时的82.7%,但春季迁徙期减少为61.9%;幼鹤乞食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的58.2%减少至春季迁徙时的1.2%;幼鹤警戒行为比例从秋季迁徙时的1.0%增加至春季迁徙时的7.1%。幼鹤在春季迁徙期的理羽及静栖行为显著高于越冬期,这种行为的差异可能与食物的丰富度相关。环境因子中,风速对幼鹤静栖行为有显著影响,幼鹤取食及警戒行为与气温呈显著正相关。秋季迁徙及越冬晚期,幼鹤行为日节律在13:00—14:00时出现明显的取食低谷期,而春季迁徙期时则推后1小时。整个观察期间,幼鹤从雄鹤和雌鹤获得食物频次无显著差异,但不同时间段幼鹤从雄、雌成鹤处获得食物频次差异是显著的。研究从行为学的角度展示白鹤幼鹤的生长过程及不同性别成鹤对幼鹤生长的贡献。

Behavioral development of the juvenile siberian crane

From October 2012 to May 2013, juvenile Siberian Cranes (Grus leucogeranus) were studied by the focal sampling method at Momoge National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province and Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, China. The results showed that the juvenile Siberian Cranes spent 23.0% of their time budget on feeding in the fall migration, increasing to 82.7% in late winter, but reduced to 61.9% in the following spring at Momoge National Nature Reserve. In comparison, the begging behavior reduced from 58.2% in the fall migration to 1.2% in the following spring migration, and the alert behavior increased from 1.0% to 7.1%. The behaviors of preening and resting in the following spring were significantly more than those in the wintering period, the reason for the difference may come from the different food availability. For environmental factors, wind velocity had a significant impact on resting behavior, while temperature was positively correlated with feeding and alert behaviors. The daily activity rhythm of juvenile Siberian Cranes presented a trough in feeding behavior at 13:00-14:00 in the fall migration and late wintering period; however, this trend was delayed by one hour in the next spring migration period. Throughout the whole observation period, there was no difference in the frequencies of juvenile Siberian Cranes obtaining food from their parents, but differences did occur between the parental contributions in the different periods. This study aimed to elucidate the growth process of juvenile Siberian Cranes and parental contributions to the growth of their offspring through ethological observations.