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莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系
引用本文:姜会超,陈海刚,宋秀凯,刘宁,何健龙,程玲,王月霞.莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
作者姓名:姜会超  陈海刚  宋秀凯  刘宁  何健龙  程玲  王月霞
作者单位:山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 烟台 264006,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 烟台 264006,烟台市芝罘区渔业技术推广站, 烟台 264001,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 烟台 264006,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 烟台 264006,山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 烟台 264006
基金项目:广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金(LFE-2014-4); 国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805031,200905019); 水生动物营养与饲料"泰山学者"岗位经费资助(2007-2012)
摘    要:于2009年和2010年3—12月在莱州湾金城海域对浮游动物群落结构及其环境因子进行了连续20个月份的综合调查,共记录到浮游动物75种,分属14个不同大类。浮游动物以桡足类和浮游幼虫居多,分别鉴定出22种、20类,占种类总数的29.3%、26.7%,其次为水螅水母类,鉴定出11种,端足类、被囊动物、腹足类和栉水母类分别鉴定出6种、4种、4种、2种,其它枝角类、毛颚动物、等足类、糠虾类、磷虾类以及钵水母类各鉴定出1种。主要优势种为强壮箭虫(优势度Y=0.24)、中华哲水蚤(Y=0.13)、墨氏胸刺水蚤(Y=0.07)、以及洪氏纺锤水蚤(Y=0.02)。2009年与2010年浮游动物群落结构的变化趋势比较稳定,同一季节群落结构相似度达到40%以上。浮游动物丰度分别在2009年及2010年的5月份达到最高值951.65个/m3、1348.14个/m3。种类数分别在2009年9月和2010年6月达到最高值48种、40种。多样性指数分别在2009年10月及2010年5月达到最高值2.6、2.7,呈现明显的季节变化特征。典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)显示,水温和盐度是影响浮游动物群落结构最主要的影响因子,水温与浮游动物种类数的相关系数达到0.87(P0.01)。盐度与浮游动物数量的相关系数为0.484(P0.05)。透明度、化学耗氧量、pH、叶绿素及总氮总磷等环境参数对浮游动物群落结构的影响较弱。

关 键 词:莱州湾  浮游动物  环境因子  典范对应分析
收稿时间:2014/3/26 0:00:00
修稿时间:2015/8/24 0:00:00

Zooplankton community structure in Jincheng area of Laizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors
JIANG Huichao,CHEN Haigang,SONG Xiukai,LIU Ning,HE Jianlong,CHENG Ling and WANG Yuexia.Zooplankton community structure in Jincheng area of Laizhou Bay and its relationship with environmental factors[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
Authors:JIANG Huichao  CHEN Haigang  SONG Xiukai  LIU Ning  HE Jianlong  CHENG Ling and WANG Yuexia
Institution:Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai 264006, China,Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai 264006, China,Zhifu Fishery Technical Extension Station, Yantai 264001, China,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai 264006, China,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai 264006, China and Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai 264006, China
Abstract:Coastal waters are ecosystems of great human and ecological interest where complex processes occur. The interaction of physical (e.g., coastal currents, upwelling, tides, and advection), chemical (variable chemical properties including nutrient inputs), and ecological (e.g., biological production and its dynamics, and prey/predator interactions) processes induce high spatial and temporal variability in the water. This variability determines the abundance and structure of different biological communities present in coastal waters, in particular zooplankton, which are at the lower levels of the oceanic food chain. To understand coastal zooplankton community structure and explore its relationship with various environmental factors, a zooplankton survey was carried out in Jincheng, Laizhou Bay. Fifteen sampling sites were chosen to study water temperature, salinity, transparency, COD, pH, Chl a, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from March 2009 to December 2010. Sampling and testing methods followed those of the Specifications for Oceanographic Surveys and Specifications for Marine Monitoring. The relationships between zooplankton communities and various environmental factors were analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). A total of 75 zooplankton species, belonging to 14 taxonomic groups, were recorded in Jincheng over the study period. Copepods and zooplankton larvae were the main taxonomic groups, accounting for 29.3% and 26.7% of total species, respectively, followed by Hydromedusa accounting for 14.7%. Six Amphipod, four Tunicate, four Gastropod, and two Ctenophora species were identified, accounting for 8%, 5.3%, 5.3%, and 2.7% of all species, respectively; whereas only one species each of Cladocera, Chaetognatha, Isopoda, Mysidacea, Euphausiacea, and Scyphomedusae were identified. The dominant species, which exhibited significant seasonal variability (P < 0.05), were Sagitta crassa (Y= 0.24), Calanus sinicus (Y= 0.13), Centropages mcmurrichi (Y= 0.07), and Acartia hongi (Y= 0.02). Similar seasonal variations in the zooplankton community were observed in 2009 and 2010. Four zooplankton community structure types were observed from the cluster dendrogram; the zooplankton community similarity in different months of the same season reached >40%. The zooplankton community structure in this area had high stability and reproducibility. The highest zooplankton abundances were observed in October 2009 and May 2010, with 951.65 and 1348.14 ind./m3, respectively. The zooplankton species number reached its maximum in September 2009 and June 2010, with 48 and 40 species, respectively, and exhibited a significant seasonal difference (P < 0.05). The zooplankton biomass reached its maximum in October 2009 and December 2010, and the mean 2009 biomass (648.48 mg/m3) was higher than that in 2010 (489.32 mg/m3). Margalef indices revealed an obvious unimodal annual variation trend with higher Margalef indices in summer and lower in other seasons. Shannon-Wiener indices (H'') were higher in both spring and autumn, showing an obvious bimodal annual variation trend. The highest H'' values were recorded in October 2009 and May 2010 at 2.6 and 2.7, respectively. Pielou indices (E) exhibited the same bimodal annual variation trend as the Shannon-Wiener indices, and the highest E values were recorded in October 2009 and May 2010 at 0.69 and 0.72, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that water temperature and salinity accounted for most of the temporal variation in the zooplankton community. The zooplankton community distribution was significantly correlated with water temperature, with a Pearson correlation of 0.87 (P < 0.01); weaker correlations with pH, Chl a, COD, and transparency were recorded. Because different species require different environments, the CCA biplot revealed the ecological suitability of zooplankton in this area.
Keywords:Laizhou Bay  zooplankton community  environmental factors  CCA
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