中国铁路机车牵引能耗的生态足迹变化

基于我国机车能耗统计资料、电力年度统计数据,首次计算了1975 2007年我国铁路机车牵引能耗的生态足迹及其强度变化。结果表明:(1)从1975年至2001年,我国铁路蒸汽机车牵引能耗生态足迹年均减少9.59万hm²,年均降低3.6%。从1975年至2007年,内燃机车牵引能耗生态足迹年均增加3.41万hm²;电力机车的火电生态足迹年均增加3.99万hm²,电力机车的水电生态足迹年均增加215.14 hm²可耕地。我国铁路机车牵引能耗生态足迹总量呈波动态势。(2)从1975年到2007年,我国铁路机车牵引能耗的生态足迹强度呈逐年降低态势,其值从1975年的528.79 m²/万换算吨公里降至2007年的85.54 m²/万换算吨公里,年均降低13.85 m²/万换算吨公里。(3)我国铁路机车牵引能耗的生态足迹强度远远低于民航飞机的能耗生态足迹强度,1991 2007年前者的均值只有后者的12.3%。

Dynamic change in ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of locomotives in China

Although railway has played a great role in transportation in China, there has been no any study on ecological footprint of railway transportation industry until now. In this study, the ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of locomotives during 1975 2007 was calculated and its intensity and dynamic characteristics were analyzed for the first time, based on the annual locomotives energy consumption data and state power statistic reports. The results show that (1) the ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of steam locomotives decreased at an average rate of 959 km² per year (3.6%) during 1975 2001 while that of diesel locomotives increased at an average rate of 341 km² per year during 1975 2007, and the ecological footprint of energy consumption for coal-fired power and hydropower of electric locomotives increased at an average rate of 399 km² and 215.14 hm² arable land per year, respectively during 1975 2007. All in all, the total ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of all the locomotives in China railways fluctuated during 1975 2007. (2) The intensity of ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of locomotives in China railways decreased from 52.88 m² per kilo converted ton-km in 1975 to 8.55 m² per kilo converted ton-km in 2007 at an average rate of 1.39 m² per kilo converted ton-km per year. (3) The intensity of ecological footprint of energy consumption for traction of locomotives in China railways was far less than that of airplanes, and the averaged value of the former accounted for only 12.3% of that of the latter during 1991 2007.