浙江省生境质量时空演变与生态红线评估

生境质量是反映生物多样性状况与局地生态功能的重要指标,在高质量发展背景下研究区域生境质量的时空演变具有重要意义。以浙江省为研究区,基于InVEST模型、热点分析及地理探测器模型探究生境质量的时空演变与影响因素,并利用生境质量结果对浙江省生态红线开展了定量评估。结果表明:(1)2000-2015年,浙江省生境质量均值呈减速下降趋势,空间上形成了西北、西南、中东高和东北、中部低的分布格局;生境退化度呈现"中心-外围"的圈层辐射结构。(2)热点分析显示,生境质量与生境退化度在乡镇尺度上集聚特征相似、冷热点空间分布趋势相反。(3)地理探测分析发现,地形(高程、坡度)是影响浙江省生境质量的主要因素,植被因素(NPP、NDVI)的贡献度随时间推移逐渐增大;浙江省生境质量空间分异受到自然因子与社会经济因子的协同作用。(4)浙江省生态红线的生境质量整体较高且稳定,不同红线类型的生境质量存在差异;高生境质量区与生态红线的错位区域主要分布在浙西南、西北部山区,而北部、中部以及东部相对较少。基于此,对生态红线调整、区域生态功能区划提出对应的策略,以期提升浙江省生态空间管控。

Spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality and ecological red line assessment in Zhejiang Province

Habitat quality is an important index to estimate the biodiversity status and local ecological functions. Exploring the spatio-temporal evolution of regional habitat quality is of great importance in the context of high-quality development. Taking Zhejiang as the case study, we investigated the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of habitat quality based on the InVEST model, the hot spot analysis, and the Geodetector. Meanwhile, we computed the habitat quality within the ecological red line areas in Zhejiang using the above assessment results. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2015, the mean value of habitat quality in Zhejiang showed a decelerating downward trend, and spatially formed a distribution pattern of high in the northwest, the southwest, the middle east, but low in the northeast and the middle; the habitat degradation presented a ''center-periphery'' sphere radiation structure. (2) Based on the hotspot analysis, the agglomeration characteristics of habitat quality and habitat degradation were similar on the township scale, while the spatial distribution trends of cold and hot spots were opposite. (3) Based on the Geodetector, terrain factors (elevation and slope) showed the most significant impact on habitat quality, and the contribution to habitat quality from vegetation factors (NPP, NDVI) increased gradually with time. Meanwhile, the synergy of natural and socio-economic factors affected the spatial variation of habitat quality in Zhejiang. (4) The habitat quality of the ecological red line area in Zhejiang was relatively high and stable, and with differences among different types of ecological red lines. The areas with high habitat quality but not designated as ecological red line areas were mainly distributed in Zhejiang''s southwest and northeast mountain areas, while less were found in the northern, central, and eastern Zhejiang. Therefore, we proposed complementary strategies to adjust the ecological red line areas, delimit the regional ecological function zonings, and finally improve ecological spatial management and control in Zhejiang.