我国生态保护红线三维制度体系——以宁德市为例

生态保护红线是维护国土生态安全和人类健康的最低保障线,是国家为建设生态文明提出的一种底限思维,用创新的思路解决中国环境危机,处理保护资源和经济发展的关系。鉴于红线在生态保护领域中的重要地位,介绍了国内外相似的案例和实践应用,以及国内生态保护红线的推进情况,主要以生态空间保护为主。基于相关文献综述,生态红线的保护理念逐步扩展,即生态保护红线逐步从空间红线拓展到涵盖空间、资源及环境质量三方面的一个综合的红线体系,并进一步提出警告上线、调控中线及保有底线的控制要求,形成生态保护红线框架体系的初步构想。同时以宁德市为例,三维制度体系具体落实到地方控制指标,形成红线指标体系。最后,从法规、制度及市场等3个方面建立其配套的保障机制,以期为进一步完善整个理论体系提供参考。

Three-dimensional frame exploration of the ecological protection red line in China:A case study of the Ningde region

The Chinese ecological red line constitutes an important systemic innovation for environmental protection, providing a minimum guarantee of ecological security and human health. Therefore, the red line has played an important role in the field of ecological protection, not only optimizing ecological security but also relating resource protection to economic development. Most importantly, it is a bottom line for China''s construction of an ecologically sustainable civilization. In the initial stages, ecological red line protection meant a strictly administered strategic border for the maintenance of national and regional ecological security and economic and social sustainable development. The early development of natural resource conservation concepts and policy saw similar methods and practices at home and abroad. Foreign countries commonly use national park systems, special protection areas (SPAs), special areas of conservation, Natura 2000, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature-Global Protected Areas to protect ecological spaces. China has generally used nature reserves, country parks, basic ecological control lines, and national zoning of ecological and subjective functions to achieve the same ends. Among these, the extensively used basic ecological control line is regarded as the prototype for the ecological red line. After the proposal of the red line concept, Jiangsu Province was the first to officially implement the concept in China. In this year''s annual Local NPC and CPPCC, the ecological red line has been incorporated into the work reports of many provincial governments, showing that drawing the red line has entered the strategic promotion phase. With the progress study, the concept of the ecological red line has been extended to a comprehensive system covering three aspects:space, resources, and quality of environment. Based on relevant literature and the relationships between production, life, and ecological space, the foundation of its theory extensions comes from the theory of ecological risk source of regional development established by Ren Jingming et al., including the ecological footprint, resource consumption and pollution emissions accumulated three types. The ecological red line is extending into ecological space, resource consumption, and environmental protection, and further proposes to control requirements, including the warning to the top line, the regulation to the midline, and the maintenance of the bottom line. Meanwhile, the system of ecological red lines is implemented based on a case study of the Ningde region. The results showed that the total area enclosed within an ecological red line is 4258.03 km², accounting for 31.65% of the total land area of Ningde. The red line of resource consumption and environmental protection is the concrete implementation of control requirements, and formed red indicators. Finally, a supporting safeguard mechanism will be established from three aspects (regulations, systems, and markets) in order to provide a reference for further improvements of the red line system.