中国农业昆虫生态调节服务价值估算

昆虫是生物多样性最丰富的物种类群,其在维持生态系统功能,维系并保持着自然界的生态平衡,满足人类需求中的具有重要作用。讨论了昆虫生态服务价值的定量估算方法,基于2007年统计数据,计算了我国农牧业生产中昆虫传粉功能、天敌昆虫控害功能和分解作用的服务价值。结果表明,昆虫在我国农业生产中传粉服务价值为6790.30×108元,占其当年农作物生产总经济价值的54.05%;天敌昆虫的控害服务价值为2621.00×108元,占其当年重要作物总经济价值的9.09%;分解昆虫(甲虫)对牧场牛羊排泄物的分解作用的价值远超过90.84×108元。由此估计出了我国2007年农业昆虫生态调节服务总价值超过9502.14×108元,相当于当年国内生产总值GDP的3.7%。显示昆虫所产生的生态调节服务价值,与我国森林或草地生态系统的直接和间接服务价值处于同一数量级,同样具有巨大的经济价值。为保护与利用昆虫生物多样性,发挥其生态服务功能奠定了基础。

The economic value of ecological regulating services provided by agricultural insects in China

Society has recognized the value of ecosystem services. Insects are one of the most diverse groups, playing a significant role in maintaining ecosystem function and ecological balance, and fulfilling human demands. Insect ecological services are the functional roles in ecosystem processes, benefiting humans with goods and services such as pollination, pest control and decomposition. Insect ecological services include provisioning, regulation, cultural and support services. The economic value of insect ecological services can be divided into direct-, indirect-, option- and existence values. The ecological regulating services of insects involve pollination, biological control and dung burial. Insects perform pollination services to crops, vegetables and fruits which are an important ecological service. Pollination is usually the transfer of pollen from the male sex organ to the receptive portion of the female sex organ in flowering plants. Insect pollinators are adapted to many flowering plant species and are provided with primary rewards that attract (i.e., "attract and reward") and establish pollen vectors returning to flowers. Rewards include nectar, pollen, lipid secretions, food bodies, scents, resins, and material for nest building. Biological control is a particular type of pest control, resulting in predatory/parasitoid insects suppressing pest densities to relatively low levels. This type of ecologically based pest management infers that the "natural enemies" control the pest species. The types of natural enemies used for biological control vary depending on the type of pest. The decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of carbon are provided by beetles that bury dung. Dung beetles process a substantial amount of the animal dung that has accumulated in ecosystem. Dung beetles are medium to large-sized beetles specializing in feeding and breeding on an ephemeral and discrete food resource, consisting mainly of the dung piles produced by herbivorous warm-blooded animals. The dung beetles provide regulating services that reduce forage fouling, nitrogen volatilization, parasites and pest flies. Humans could not persist without these insect provided services. Estimating the value of ecological services provided by insects may help establish a higher priority for their conservation. This paper discusses the concept and categorization of insect ecosystem services, including an economic evaluation of those services. In 2007, insect pollination, pest control and dung burial values were estimated using agricultural production data from China. The results indicated that the insect regulating service value for pollination was 6790.30×10⁸ yuan RMB, accounting for up to 54.05% of the total value of pollinator serviced crops. The value of pest control from natural enemies was 2621.00×10⁸ yuan RMB, which was up to 9.09% of the total value of the crops serviced. The value of dung burial was 90.84×10⁸ yuan RMB. The total insect regulating service was valued at 9502.14×10⁸ yuan RMB, accounting for up to 3.7% of China''s GDP (2007). These results show the annual value of insect regulating service in an agroecosystem are similar to the economic values of grassland or forest ecosystem services in China. The accurate valuation of insect ecological services is critical to establishing and preserving the ongoing development of insect-based resources and biodiversity in China.