地方认同视角下居民对农业文化遗产认知及保护态度——以福州茉莉花与茶文化系统为例

居民对农业文化遗产的认知态度影响其行为选择,并对农业文化遗产的保护及可持续发展具有重要意义。基于人文地理学及环境心理学领域的地方认同理论,选择历史认同、现实认同、情感认同及行为认同4个维度变量,通过问卷调查,以福州居民对全球重要农业文化遗产"福州茉莉花与茶文化系统"的认知及保护态度作为研究对象,并通过构建福州居民农业文化遗产认知及保护规律定量分析居民认知态度、保护行为与人口特征之间的关系。结果表明:(1)福州居民对茉莉花与茶文化系统的行为认同维度得分高于其他维度,且福州市民各维度得分均高于外来居民;(2)受访居民对农业文化遗产的地方认同与其年龄、受教育水平、收入水平及在福州居住时间长短的关系较为密切;(3)通过构建福州居民农业文化遗产认知及保护规律发现,福州居民对农业文化遗产的保护行为主要受其对该遗产项目认知态度的影响,与居民人口特征相关性较弱。拓展农业文化遗产领域的研究视角及方法,促进农业文化遗产地动态保护与可持续发展具有参考价值。

Residents' cognition and attitudes towards protection of the agricultural heritage system from a place identity perspective: a case study of the Fuzhou jasmine and tea culture system

Studies on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems have received extensive attention since the development, in recent years, of the concept of GIAHS (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Unlike industrial agriculture, agricultural heritage systems emphasize on the protection of agricultural systems, technologies, species, landscapes, and cultures; this outlook is of great significance to biodiversity protection and human-land coordination. Biodiversity and social culture, the foundations of agricultural heritage systems, are threatened by the rapid pace of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization. At the same time, the concept of place identity, derived from the disciplines of human geography and environmental psychology, has been introduced to studies of human-land relationships. At present, the place identity concept has been applied to studies of environmental attitudes and practices and attitudes towards tourism and its effects. Little research has examined the relationship between place identity and attitudes towards agricultural heritage sites. This study explored, via a questionnaire survey, the cognition and attitudes of Fuzhou residents towards the Fuzhou jasmine and tea culture system. Our study examined four dimensions of place identity (historical identity, practical identity, emotional identity, and behavioral identity) as well as demographic characteristics, cognitive attitudes, and behaviors involving heritage protection. We found that Fuzhou residents scored highest on the behavioral identity dimension and that scores in all dimensions were consistently higher for Fuzhou residents than for foreign-born residents of the region. The dimensions of historical identity, practical identity, and emotional identity differed significantly among age groups, while emotional identity and behavioral identity varied according to income. Analysis of the factors influencing respondents'' place identity scores revealed strong effects of age, education level, income, and dwelling duration. However, correlations between the four dimensions and the additional factors we examined were weakest for demographic characteristics, moderate for cognitive attitude, and strongest for protective behaviors. We concluded that the protective behavior of Fuzhou residents towards the jasmine and tea culture system is best explained by their attitudes towards place, rather than their demographic characteristics. This paper offers a new perspective and methodology in the study of agricultural heritage systems and provides a useful reference for the dynamic protection and sustainable development of GIAHS. The multi-functionality of agricultural heritage systems, multiple dimensions of place identity, validity and reliability of questionnaires, and application of SEM (structural equation modeling) should be further investigated.