稻田土壤关键元素的生物地球化学耦合过程及其微生物调控机制

水稻土是在长期植稻下人为培育的特殊耕作土壤,是我国土壤学的特色,其研究也反映我国土壤学的国际地位。水稻土是研究土壤生物地球化学过程的理想模型。稻田土壤关键元素(碳氮磷硫铁等)的生物地球化学循环过程、耦合机理及其驱动机制研究是土壤生物学研究的核心之一。因此,以国际土壤年为契机,结合中国科学院院士工作局资助的"土壤生物学发展战略研究"项目的部分成果,以稻田关键元素(碳氮磷硫铁等)生物地球化学循环过程及其耦合的微生物驱动机制为核心,重点讨论了稻田土壤基本生物化学特征、稻田土壤碳-氮、碳-氮-磷、碳-氮-铁等多元素耦合过程及其与微生物之间的反馈机制,并由此提出了稻田土壤关键元素生物地球化学循环微生物驱动机制研究的未来重点发展方向为:1)土壤关键元素生物地球化学过程的异质性及其微生物过程的互作机制研究;2)微生物参与机制对土壤关键元素循环过程的响应、反馈机制与调控机制研究;3)土壤关键生物地球化学过程的计量学研究。

A review on the coupling of bio-geochemical process for key elements and microbial regulation mechanisms in paddy rice ecosystems

Paddy rice soil, derived from long-term rice planting, is a type of artificial soil. Studies of paddy rice soil in China reflect the international status of Chinese soil science based on the long history and importance of rice cultivation. Paddy soil is a classical model for studying soil biogeochemical processes. Investigation of biogeochemical cycles, and the coupling and driving mechanisms of key elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, etc.) in paddy soil is important in soil biology studies. Therefore, in this study, on account of the International Year of Soils, we review some achievements of the "Soil biology development strategy research" project funded by Academician Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and discuss the biogeochemical cycles of key elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, etc.) in paddy ecosystems and the microbial regulation mechanisms of their coupling. We emphasize the basic biochemical features of paddy soil, the coupling processes of C-N, C-N-P, C-N-Fe, and other processes in paddy soil, as well as its microbial feedback regulation mechanism. We also propose perspectives for the development of future studies on the microbial driving mechanisms of the biogeochemical cycles of key elements in paddy soil.