五角枫种群表型多样性

为揭示五角枫种群的表型分化程度、变异模式及地理变异规律,以山西19个种群为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法从形态学角度对五角枫种群的叶片、果实、种子等23个表型性状进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1)五角枫23个表型性状中除果柄长、着生痕、种子长/宽以外,其余20个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在显著和极显著差异。(2)19个种群的平均变异系数为18.07。叶片、果实、种子的平均表型变异系数依次为:果实19.78%叶片18.77%种子10.25%。(3)五角枫种群间表型分化系数(VST)均值为48.82%,种群内变异(51.18%)与种群间变异(48.82%)基本相当。叶片、果实、种子表型分化系数的平均值为:叶片58.08%果实41.24%种子25.87%。(4)五角枫叶片、果实和种子的信息多样性指数(H)为:叶片6.1079果实5.9118种子5.2855;多样性指数平均值(D)分别为:果实0.9967叶片0.9961种子0.9948。(5)主成分分析结果显示:五角枫种群表型多样性基本来源为:叶片贡献率果实贡献率种子贡献率。(6)五角枫表型变异呈现出以经度和纬度变异并存的趋势,少数表型性状与经度和纬度呈现显著或极显著相关。(7)利用欧氏距离对五角枫种群进行UPGMA聚类分析,将五角枫19个种群划分为两大类群。五角枫种群具有较高的表型多样性,种群间和种群内均存在丰富的表型变异,与其遗传特点和分布生境等密切相关,研究结果为今后五角枫种质资源的保护和利用奠定了基础。

Phenotypic Diversity of Acer mono Maxim Population

Based on field investigations and analysis of the distributions of Acer mono Maxim, 19 populations were sampled to provide insights into the variation trends, distribution patterns, mechanisms, and adaption of 23 phenotypic traits by variance analysis, relevance analysis, and the UPGMA cluster analysis. The results showed the following: (1) there were significant differences between 20 phenotypic traits among and within populations except for FSL(Fruit stalk length), BTM (Bears the mark), SLW(The ratio seed length to width). (2) The average value of coefficient of variation (CV) was 18. 07, and the trend of CV was as follows: fruit (19.78%) > leaf (18.77%) > seed (10.25%). (3) The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient VST of populations was 50.66%. The variation among populations (48.82%) was approximately equal to that within populations (51.18%). The order of VST was leaf (58.08%) > fruit (41.24%) > seed (25.87%). (4) The trend of the Shannon-Wiener index H was leaf (6.1079) > fruit (5.9118) > seed (5.2855), and that of the Simpson index D was fruit (0.9967) > leaf (0.9961) > seed (0.9948). (5) Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main variation sources of A. mono was leaf > fruit > seed. (6) The phenotypic trait variations of A. mono populations were affected by longitude and latitude in spatial distributions. There was significant correlation between some traits and the longitude/latitude. (7) The 19 populations of A. mono clustered into 2 groups according to the UPGMA cluster analysis. High phenotypic diversity occurred in the A. mono populations. Together these results provide a foundation for the preservation and utilization of A. mono.