大气颗粒物污染对土地覆盖变化的响应

土地利用-覆盖变化(LUCC)直接或间接影响颗粒物污染。了解颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应,对维护和改善生态环境具有重要的意义。基于卫星遥感技术,从广域的空间尺度分析颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应。使用MODIS数据分别提取与颗粒物污染相关性较高的城市用地、林地等土地利用类型,确定土地利用类型的变化趋势,利用长时间序列MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol optical depth)产品分析颗粒物污染与土地利用类型的变化的相关性。以山东省青岛市、淄博市、济南市3个典型城市为例,研究了AOD随土地利用类型的变化趋势。同时,考虑并分析了颗粒物污染对土地利用变化响应的敏感性,以及城市区域变化对环境的影响。研究结果表明,不同的城市类型,由于决定环境变化主导因素的差异,颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应具有明显的差异。青岛市地区,由于受海洋影响显著,大气颗粒物污染与LUCC的相关性较低,如中度污染天气与林地的相关系数为-0.451;而淄博市和济南市的相关系数分别为-0.473、-0.507。

Response analysis of particulate air pollution to Land-use and land-cover change

Land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) affects particulate matter pollution in the atmosphere, directly or indirectly. Atmospheric particulate matter is now the primary type of air pollutant and can seriously affect the life of people in the city. It is very important for ecological and environmental protection to understand and determine the atmospheric particulate matter pollution response to LUCC. In this paper, based on satellite remote sensing technology, we analyzed the responses of particle pollution to LUCC on a large scale. The experiments were carried out in three typical cities, Qingdao, Zibo, and Jinan, in Shandong Province. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in the last ten years from 2001 to 2010 from MODIS L1B products were chosen to define atmospheric particulate matter pollution. The main land use types including forest land and urban land were obtained from MODIS land use classification product (MOD12) to estimate the land cover change of each city. According to the atmospheric visibility, the particle pollution was divided into four levels: no pollution, slight pollution, medium pollution, and heavy pollution. The numbers of effective days for each air pollution level and the areas of each land use type in the three cities were counted to analyze the correlation of particle pollution with LUCC. The sensitivity of particle pollution to LUCC and the impact of urban change on particle pollution were also considered. There are three main conclusions: (1) the correlation between atmospheric particle matter pollution and LUCC is lower in Qingdao (R=-0.451) but higher in Jinan (R=-0.473) and Zibo (R=-0.507). (2) The influence of urban land on Zibo''s atmospheric particulate matter pollution is higher than that of Qingdao. Forest land is the most important factor on particulate matter pollution in Jinan, with the correlation coefficient between the scale of forest land change and the four air pollution level weather changes of 0.176, 0.859, 0.753, and 0.309 respectively. (3) The response of atmospheric particle matter pollution to LUCC is obviously different in different cities due to different dominant factors.