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土壤种子库的分类系统和种子在土壤中的持久性
引用本文:于顺利,陈宏伟,郎南军.土壤种子库的分类系统和种子在土壤中的持久性[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):2099-2108.
作者姓名:于顺利  陈宏伟  郎南军
作者单位:1. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室,北京100093
2. 云南省林业科学院,云南,昆明650204
基金项目:云南省自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;云南省自然科学基金;云南省科技攻关计划
摘    要:对国际上已经发表的10个土壤种子库分类系统的内容进行了总结和阐述,并对土壤种子库分类系统进行了评述,其中Thompson & Grime在1979年提出的把土壤种子库分为短暂土壤种子库(Transient soil seed bank)和持久土壤种子库(Persistent seed bank)的二元分类系统以及Thompson等人提出的把土壤种子库分为(1)短暂土壤种子库,(2)短期持久土壤种子库(Short term persistent seed bank),(3)长期土壤种子库(Long termp ersistent seed bank)的三元分类系统在生态学文献中已被广泛采用。在此分类的基础上产生了植物种子在土壤中的持久性(Persistence)概念,持久性是指植物的一种特性,是指植物的种子在土壤中能够存活超过1a的特性;植物种子的持久性被认为是一种对环境的进化适应,它可以在多个生长季节萌发从而分担环境震荡的风险,持久土壤种子库不仅在不稳定的环境里占有优势;即使在稳定的环境里,也被认为能够减少种内和种间的竞争;造成持久性的原因可分为环境因子和种子本身的特性比如休眠等两个方面,持久土壤种子库的出现使得土壤种子库的研究与进化生物学结合起来,使得土壤种子库的研究进入一个新的领域,更易激发人们的兴趣。关于种子的大小、形状及持久性的关系问题已经引起了相当的争论,基本上有4种格局:一是种子大小和形状与种子在土壤中的持久性有关,小而圆或扁的种子在土壤易存活持久;二是种子大小与种子在土壤中的持久性有关,小种子在土壤中易存活持久,但种子形状与持久性无关;三是种子大小、形状与种子在土壤中的持久性无关;四为较大的种子在土壤易存活持久,而种子形状与种子在土壤中的持久性无关。影响种子在土壤中的持久性因子比较复杂,总结过去的文献发现主要有以下几个因子:①种子的散布方式,②捕食,③植被的物种组成,④风,⑤土壤基质,⑥火,⑦干扰等。通过比较分析和研究,提出影响种子大小和在土壤中的持久性关系格局的关键因子是气候,特别是生态系统所在地的雨量;湿润气候下容易产生前两种格局,而干旱环境下的生境容易产生后两种格局。

关 键 词:土壤种子库分类系统  土壤持久种子库  持久性  种子大小和形状
文章编号:1000-0933(2007)05-2099-10
收稿时间:2006/4/10 0:00:00
修稿时间:2006-04-102007-01-15

The classification systems of soil seed banks and seed persistence in soil
YU Shunli,CHEN Hongwei and LANG Nanjun.The classification systems of soil seed banks and seed persistence in soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):2099-2108.
Authors:YU Shunli  CHEN Hongwei and LANG Nanjun
Institution:1 Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental changes, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 2 The Forestry Academy of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650204
Abstract:Persistence refers to the ability of the seeds of a species to survive in the soil more than one year. In the past fourty decades, ten soil seed bank classification systems related to persistence have been published. In fact the concept of persistence in seeds in the soil seed bank was introduced by the appearance in the literature of soil seed bank classification system. To our knowledge the first soil seed bank classification system was proposed in 1969 by Schafer and Chilcote. Since 1969, a further nine systems have been suggested by ecologists such as Thompson and Grime (1979), Grime (1981), Nakagoshi (1985), Gardwood (1989), Bakker (1989) and Poshchold and Jackel (1993). In these 10 systems, the number of recognized seed bank categories proposed varies from three to twelve. The classification system suggested in 1979 by Thompson et al. has been recognized and cited widely in the literature. In 1993, Thompson et al. divided soil seed banks into three types: (1) transient soil seed banks, (2) short term persistent seed banks, and (3) long term persistent seed banks. Persistence and dormancy are not necessarily closely related since dormancy is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the accumulation of a persistent seed bank. Persistence was originally considered to be an adaptation of a species to unpredictable environment. Previous studies have found that an initially proposed pattern relating seed weight, shape and persistence was not universal globally. Three different hypotheses on these relationships can be proposed from past studies. First, seed weight and shape can predict persistence since small and compact seeds tend to be persistent in soil. Second, seed weight is related to persistence in soil, but seed shape is not. Third, there is apparently no relationship at all between seed weight, shape and persistence. Fourth, large seeds tend to form persistent soil seed banks, but seed shape is irrelevant. Data from all eight floras studied to date suggest that difference in climate may determine diverse patterns in the relationships between seed weight and shape and persistence. The pattern that small and compact seeds tend to persistent in the soil seed bank is likely to occur in humid climates. In contrast the pattern where large-seeded species with persistent seed banks are abundant seems more likely to be a consequence of an arid climate. In addition, the importance of the scale of investigation (or the range of habitats studied) is emphasized when the relationships between seed weight and shape and persistence are investigated.
Keywords:classification systems of soil seed banks  persistent soil seed bank  persistence  seed size and seed shape
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