黑龙江省完达山地区马鹿生境破碎化及其影响因子

应用景观生态学原理和地理信息系统技术,分析黑龙江省完达山地区马鹿生境相关因子重要性、对景观连接度进行模糊相对赋值,建立了景观连接度评价模型及景观斑块指数,研究了黑龙江省完达山地区关于马鹿生境的景观连接度水平、生境的适宜性以及景观的空间结构。结果表明:(1)在155.6km2的面积中,适宜地区的总面积仅为14.81km2,占研究地区的9.52%;次适宜地区的总面积为9.57km2,占研究地区的6.15%;一般适宜地区的总面积为130.05km2,占研究地区的83.58%;不适宜地区的总面积为1.17km2,占研究地区的0.75%;(2)研究地区马鹿各类适宜地区呈多个斑块且相互隔离,在空间分布上处于破碎状态,而且不适宜地区斑块(人为活动景观)的面积比例虽小,在生态系统中形态上的破碎化程度较小,但对马鹿的生境的生态功能的丧失起到重要作用。

The fragmentation and impact factors of red deer habitat in Wandashan region, Heilongjiang Province,China

Through analyzing the importance of landscape factors, landscape connectivity, assessment of suitability and fuzzy value of connectivity and establishing a landscape connectivity model that applies landscape ecology and GIS technology, the connectivity level, suitability assessment and fragmentation status of all types of suitability areas were studied. The spatial structure of fragmental landscape of red deer habitats was analyzed from an ecological function perspective because of spatial composition and mismatch in Wandashan region, Heilongjiang Province from Feb.2003 to Mar. 2004. The results indicated that suitable habitats were 14.81 km~2 (only 9.52%), marginally suitable habitats were 9.57 km~2 (6.15%), less suitable habitats were 130.05km~2 (83.58%), unsuitable habitats were 1.17km~2 (0.75%) in the total area of 155.6 km~2. Marginally suitable habitats and suitable habitats included many patches and were isolated fragmentally in the area of study. Although some unsuitable habitats patches (settlements, farmlands, abandoned logging roads, forestry roads and so on.) were relatively small and the extent of their morphological fragmentation was low, they had significant effects on the deprival of ecosystem functions of less suitable red deer habitats directly and of suitable and marginally suitable red deer habitats indirectly.