土壤-植物-大气连续体水热、CO2通量估算模型研究进展

土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水热、CO2通量的准确估算对理解陆地和大气的物质和能量交换过程有着重要意义.重点阐述了基于过程的土壤-植物-大气连续体水热、CO2通量模型,综述了统计模型、综合模型及基于遥感的模型的发展过程.其中水热通量统计模型包括基于温度和湿度以及基于温度和辐射的方法;CO2通量统计模型包括基于气候因子或蒸散因子以及基于光能利用率的方法.水热通量过程模型包括大叶、双源、多源和多层的水热传输物理模型;CO2通量过程模型包括叶片尺度及由大叶、双叶和多层方法扩展到冠层尺度的生理生态模型以及光合-蒸腾耦合模型.综合模型包括生物物理模型、生物化学模型和生物地理模型.统计模型形式简单,资料易得,对大范围的水热通量模拟具有指导意义;过程模型准确的揭示了水热和CO2通量传输的物理和生理过程,是大尺度综合模型的基础.未来生态系统水热、CO2通量估算模型将集成各种技术手段进行多尺度网络观测和大尺度机理模拟.

A review on water, heat and CO2 fluxes simulation models

Accurate modeling of water, heat and carbon dioxide fluxes is of importance in understanding the energy and mass exchange processes between land surface and atmosphere. This paper focuses on the advance in processes-based water, heat and CO2 fluxes simulation model and reviews the development of statistic, integrated and remote sensing-based models for estimating water, heat and carbon dioxide fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The reviewed statistic models included models that estimate water and heat fluxes based on temperature, humidity and radiation, and models that simulate carbon dioxide flux based on climatic factors, evapotranspiration and light use efficiency. Reviewed processes-based models covered the big-leaf model, two-source model, multi-source model and multi-layer models for water and heat transfer as well as leaf-level to canopy level models for carbon dioxide flux. Integrated models included biophysical, biochemical and biogeographic models. The statistic models are applied widely in directing the simulation of water, heat and CO2 fluxes at large-scale level because of simple form and because the required data are obtained easily. While the process-based models describe the physical and physiological processes of water, heat and CO2 flux transfer accurately and have been the foundation of large-scale integrated models. The future development of flux models is to integrate various method and technology for multi-scale network measuring and large-scale mechanism modeling.