春季东海海域虾类群落结构及其多样性

依据1998年5月(春季)在东海26°00′N～33°00′N、127°00′E以西海域的虾类资源调查资料,分析了虾类的种类组成、优势度、丰度、生物量的空间分布,多样性、相似性等群落结构特征.结果表明,东海大陆架春季共有虾类52种,已鉴定的43种,隶属于13科27属,其中优势种有戴氏赤虾(Metapenaepsis dalei)、假长缝拟对虾(Parapenaeus fissuroides)、须赤虾(Metapenaepsis barbata)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)、东海红虾(Plesionika izumiae)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、方板赤虾(Metapenaepsis tenella)、长角赤虾 Metapenaepsis longirostris、高脊管鞭虾(Solenocera alticarinata)、细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)、周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)和凹管鞭虾(Solenocera koellbeli).东海大陆架春季虾类可划分为3个生态群落,即广温低盐生态群落、广温广盐生态群落、高温高盐生态群落.丰度和生物量的平面分布趋势相似,以30°00′N为界限,30°00′N以北站位普遍较低,以南站位较高,主要集中在舟山渔场南部和鱼山渔场.多样性分析表明:Margalef的种类丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)较高的站位主要集中在舟山渔场以北,整个海区的均匀性指数(J′)较为稳定.运用聚类和多维标度对群落结构的相似性进行分析,结合水深等环境因子对东海大陆架虾类的群聚类型进行了讨论.

Analysis on community structure and diversity of shrimps in the East China Sea in spring

Based on the data collected by shrimp beam trawlers survey in the East China Sea(26°00′-33°00′N; 120°00′-127°00′E)in may, 1998, the spatial variation of shrimp species composition, Index of relative importance (IRI), abundance, biomass and the community structure's diversity and similar characteristics were analyzed. 52 species of shrimp were found in this research, and 43 species were identified, which belonged to 27 family under13 genera. Index of relative importance (IRI) was used in this paper to determine the importance of species, 14 dominant species are listed: Metapenaepsis dalei, Parapenaeus fissuroides, Metapenaepsis barbata, Palaemon gravieri, Solenocera crassicornis, Plesionika izumiae, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Metapenaepsis tenella, Metapenaepsis longirostris, Solenocera alticarinata, Parapenaeopsis tenella, Metapenaeus joyneri, Crangon affinis, Solenocera koellbeli.. The shrimp in the East China Sea in spring were divided into 3 ecological types: a eurythermal and hyposaline community, a eurythermal and eurysaline community and a hyperthermal and hysaline community.The abundance and biomass of the station in the north of 30°00′ were lower than in south. The diversity of shrimp community in the East China Sea was indicated by 3 factors: Margalef index (D), Shannon-Wienner index (H′) and Pielou's evenness index (J′). The stations with high Margalef index (D) and Shannon-Wienner index (H′) were mainly located in the north of the Zhou Shan fishing ground, whereas the Pielou's evenness index (J′) was stable all through the East China Sea. By hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) assisted analyzing, the types of shrimp assemblage determined by influential factor such as aquatic system, water mass and salinity etc. in the East China Sea in spring were also discussed in this paper.