不同土壤覆盖物对旱作水稻生长和产量影响

在四川盆地通过田间试验研究了不同覆盖物对旱作水稻植株生长及产量的影响。结果表明，在有效铁含量较高而有效锰含量较低的土壤上，覆盖地膜及传统淹水处理在整个生育期没有表现缺锰症，而覆盖麦秆处理前期分蘖能力差，生长缓慢，表现严重的缺锰症。在覆麦秆处理裂区灌施2‰的MnSO4溶液（每次450kg/hm^2）两次后，水稻株高、分蘖和生物量都迅速增加，说明覆麦秆处理水稻受到了锰的胁迫。其原因与地膜处理明显提高土壤温度，而覆麦秆处理却具有降温作用有关。试验还发现，灌施锰肥能够补偿温度降低所造成的不利影响，水稻产量以覆地膜处理最高，其次是覆秆灌锰处理，再是是传统淹水处理，覆麦秆未灌施锰肥处理产量最低，后与其它处理差异也达极显水平。覆地膜条件下，水稻产量随施氮量的提高而提高，但当施氮量为150kg/hm^2后产量变化不大。与传统淹水相比，覆盖旱作处理显降低总耗水量，节水率达63.1%；并在产量基本不变或有所提高的前提下，提高水分利用效率2－3倍。

The Effect of Different Soil Mulch Materials on the Growth and Yield of Rice

With the development of water crisis, water-saving cultivation techniques are paid more and more attention in agriculture production. Rice production with soil mulch materials, as a new cropping system to save irrigation water, has been introduced to China since 1980's. In order to know if this new technique is suitable in Sichuan basin, a field experiment was carried out to study the growth characteristics and yields of rice mulched by different materials in an alluvial paddy soil. The experiment included ...