饮用水源保护区生态服务补偿研究与应用

饮用水源保护区是确保饮用水安全的重要屏障,目前迫切需要引入生态服务补偿机制作为饮用水源保护区限制型政策的必要补充.生态系统所提供的服务分别属于人类和自然两种价值系统,生态服务补偿的目的是在两种价值观发生冲突时,首先保障自然价值系统发挥其服务,同时对损失的人类价值给予补偿,以促进生态系统服务更好的发挥其功能.通过辨识服务的提供者和受益者及其所对应的价值系统,可以帮助制定生态服务补偿策略.据此确定饮用水源保护区生态服务补偿主要是对生态公益林提供的涵养水源和水土保持服务的补偿.以武夷山市饮用水源保护区为研究案例,将饮用水源保护者所付出的机会成本作为补偿标准,计算结果为897.7万元,补偿年限为2005～2020年.将补偿标准折合成水费,武夷山市需要在水费中加收0.07元/(t·a)的生态服务补偿费,但最终的水费增收额需要通过考虑补偿者的支付意愿来决定.

Study and application on the payment for ecological services in drinking water source reserve

It is imperative to introduce the mechanism of the payment for ecological services as indispensable complement for the restrictive policy on drinking water source reserve. There are economic and ecological value systems to evaluate the ecosystem services. The payment for ecological services aims to compensate the people who lose their benefits after primarily conserving the ecosystem to assure its well function when two mentioned value systems conflict. The strategy of payment for ecological services can be framed through distinguishing the provider and beneficiary of the services associated with their corresponding value systems. Thus, the payment for the drinking water source reserve services can be regarded as the payment for the functions of water-holding and soil conservation derived from the non-commercial forest. The drinking water source reserve in Wuyishan city is also studied using the opportunity cost of the protector as compensation standard. The results show that from year 2005-2020 the providers should be compensated for 8.977 Million yuan RMB, which can be collected by an extra water fee (0.07yuan RMB/(t·a)) as the theoretical upper limit, while the concrete extra water fee should be determined by the willingness of the payer.