重庆岩溶区土壤景观多样性

不同土壤发生类型塑造了异质的景观格局，而土壤类型上不同的土地利用实践又对原有景观格局进行重构。研究的目的是利用景观指数识别重庆岩溶区土壤多样性的景观特征。结果表明：重庆市岩溶区土壤景观多样化和空间异质化程度不高，各景观分布比例不均匀；土壤景观嵌块体呈现复杂的几何形状，黄壤、石灰土和黄棕壤是主要的土壤类型；除山地草甸土以林地和草地，棕壤以林地为主要景观外，其余9种土壤类型都以耕地和林地为主要景观；农、林用地在重庆岩溶区土壤景观空间格局的结构和功能中起主导作用；但因各类土壤性质和分布特点的不同，耕地和林地在各类土壤上的分配比例上存在明显差异；人类活动在诱导耕地嵌块体数急剧增多的同时，居民工矿用地、林地、未利用地嵌块体数目也相应增加；研究可为岩溶区土地利用决策与调控提供科学依据，加深人们对岩溶区土壤多样性的理解。

Pedodiversity in karst area of Chongqing, China

Different soil types figure the heterogeneities of soil landscape patterns. However, land use practices that exert on different soil types reconstruct original soil landscape patterns. The objective of this study is to identify the landscape characteristics of pedodiversity in karst area of Chongqing, China, using landscape indicators. The results indicated that the diversities of soil landscape and its spatial heterogeneities were very lower in karst area of Chongqing. The distributions of every soil landscape were not average. The mosaic patch of soil landscape presented complex geological shape. Yellow soil, limestone soil and yellow brown earth were primary soil types in karst area of Chongqing. There were mainly woodland and grassland landscape in mountain meadow soil, and woodland landscape in brown earth. The rest soil types possessed mostly cropland and woodland landscape. Cropland and woodland played more important role in the structure and function of spatial landscape patterns in karst area of Chongqing. Nevertheless, the ratio of cropland and woodland to each soil types occurred pronounced differences due to soil properties and soil distributions, respectively. Human activities induced the rapid increase of mosaic patch of cropland, and the augment of mosaic patch of residential and mining land, woodland,unused land as well. This study would supply information for land use decision-making, and deepen the understanding of pedodiversity in karst area.