丹顶鹤春迁期觅食栖息地多尺度选择——以双台河口保护区为例

双台河口保护区是世界濒危鸟类丹顶鹤大陆种群西线群体不同生活史阶段的重要栖息地。2008-2010年3-4月，采用定点观察法、二维坐标法、方差分析、因子分析等方法对保护区内春迁期丹顶鹤觅食栖息地的多尺度选择进行了监测分析。研究结果表明：(1)春迁期，该保护区丹顶鹤觅食栖息地选择包括2个尺度3个选择，即大生境尺度内觅食生境类型选择和小生境尺度内觅食区选择、觅食微生境选择；(2)觅食生境类型偏好选择芦苇沼泽(90.00%)，也偶选玉米地、泥滩、草甸等生境；(3)觅食区选择通过宏生境因子和干扰因子来判定，宏生境因子包括明水面、堤坝和火烧地，距离均在30m以内；干扰因子包括居民区和油田等强干扰因子和道路等弱干扰因子，均采取远离的方式进行回避，居民区保持在1km以上，油田保持在2km以上，道路保持在300-500m；(4)觅食微生境选择通过微生境因子来判定，包括植被高度、植被密度、植被直径等，选择盖度小(<5%)且植被高度小于喙长的区域觅食。

A multi-scale feeding habitat selection of Red-crowned crane during spring migration at the Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province, China

As a globally endangered species, red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) got a lot of attention by scientists, conservationists and the public. The continental population of red-crowned cranes continued to decline and the quality of its breeding and wintering habitat also faced serious threats. Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve is an important distribution area of western continental population of red-crowned cranes, meanwhile is the main stopover habitat, northern most wintering area and southern most breeding place in China. In recent years, the human disturbance such as tourism, agriculture reclamation, pesticides and oilfield development in Shuangtaihekou Nature Reserve is increasing. The spring migration period is an important life stage for cranes and directly affects the success of next breeding and population dynamic, so the feeding habitat in this period is especially important. The feeding habitat selection of red-crowned crane during spring migration between March and April 2008-2010 was investigated by fixed-point sampling, two-dimensional coordinate method, environment factor measurements, and factor analysis. The results showed that (1) during spring migration, the feeding habitat selection of red-crowned cranes included two scales and three selection levels, respectively are feeding habitat type selection at the macro-habitat scale, feeding ground selection, and feeding micro-habitat selection at the micro-habitat scale; (2) red-crowned cranes preferred to select the feeding habitat type with reed marsh (90.00%), occasionally select corn field, mud bank, and meadow; (3) the feeding ground was selected according to macro-habitat factors and disturbance factors, among them the macro-habitat factors included lakes, dams and burned areas, less than 30 m; disturbance factors included strong avoiding factors, such as residential areas and oil fields, and weak avoiding factors, such as roads, with avoidance of areas greater than 1 km from residential areas, 2 km from oil fields and 300-500 m from roads; and (4) the feeding micro-habitat factors included vegetation height, vegetation density, and vegetation diameter, sites with little vegetation coverage (5%) and vegetation lower than beak length of red-crowned crane were preferred.