不同生态保护地植物特征和土壤性质的对比研究——以黑河中游湿地为例

选择黑河中游张掖国家湿地公园和张掖黑河湿地国家级自然保护区为研究对象,对比分析了植物组成、物种多样性、植物生长状态、土壤养分、土壤理化性质及植物土壤间关系。结果显示:湿地公园的植物高度和土壤养分含量(有机碳、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效钾)显著高于自然保护区,土壤理化性质含量(容重、pH)显著低于自然保护区,表明湿地公园有利于植物生长发育、土壤养分固存、改善土壤质地;自然保护区的植物科属种、多度、物种多样性(多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数)显著高于湿地公园,表明自然保护区有利于维持植物多样性;两种保护地中影响植物多样性的土壤因子不同,湿地公园物种多样性与土壤全磷和速效磷显著正相关,而自然保护区物种多样性与土壤盐分显著负相关。

Comparative study of plant characteristics and soil properties in different ecological protected areas: a case study of middle reaches of the Heihe River

In this paper, the Zhangye National Wetland Park and the Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve in the middle reaches of the Heihe River were examined in order to compare plant composition, species diversity, plant growth status, soil nutrients, soil physical and chemical properties, and the relationship between vegetation characteristics and soil properties. The results showed that plant height and soil nutrient content (organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium) in the Wetland Park were significantly higher than those in the Nature Reserve, and the soil physical and chemical properties (bulk density, pH) were significantly lower than those in the Nature Reserve, indicating that the Wetland Park is more conducive to plant growth and development, soil nutrient sequestration, and improved soil texture. The genus, abundance, and species diversity (diversity index, richness index, evenness index) of plants in the Nature Reserve are significantly higher than those in the Wetland Park, indicating that the Nature Reserve is more favorable to maintaining plant diversity. The plant species diversity index of the Wetland Park was significantly affected by soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The species diversity index of the Nature Reserve was significantly affected by soil salinity, indicating that the soil factors affecting plant diversity in different conservation areas were different.