山东半岛城市群城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展的时空格局

城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展研究,是目前国际研究的热点与前沿领域。以山东半岛城市群为研究对象,建立城镇化系统和生态环境系统指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型定量分析山东半岛城市群2000—2016年城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展时空格局。结果表明:(1)2000—2016年城镇化水平不断提高,多年平均值表现为空间城镇化人口城镇化经济城镇化社会城镇化,生态环境水平呈现出波动中上升的趋势,生态压力子系统曲线下降,生态状态和生态保护子系统曲线不断上升,生态环境总体有了一定的改善和提高;(2)2000—2016年耦合协调度逐渐增强,依次经历了严重不协调、基本不协调、基本协调、中度协调、高级协调5个阶段,实现了从极度不协调向优质协调的转变,子系统耦合协调特征从严重不协调-城镇化滞后型向高级协调-生态环境滞后型演变;(3)17地市城镇化以中等水平城镇化区为主要类型,高水平城镇化区集中在济南、青岛"双核"地区和北部的东营,较低水平城镇化区范围逐渐缩小,低水平城镇化区消失;生态环境优质区主要集中在东部沿海城市带威海、青岛、烟台、日照和中部泰安,生态环境中等区从胶济城市带轴线向南北扩散,生态环境较低区主要集中在菏泽、聊城、滨州,生态环境恶劣区不存在;(4)2000—2016年城市耦合协调度不断提高,空间差异明显,呈现出由沿海城市带、济南都市圈核心城市向西南地区逐渐降低的空间分布趋势,子系统耦合协调特征由城镇化滞后型向同步型、生态环境滞后型开始转化,发达城市的集聚作用明显,落后地区的城镇化问题和生态环境问题比较严重。

Spatio-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination development between urbanization and eco-environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration

The coupling coordination research between urbanization and eco-environment is becoming more popular at the international level. Based on the data of 2000-2016, the article constructed measurement index system of urbanization and eco-environment, analyzed the spatio-temporal differentiation of the coupling coordination relationships between urbanization and eco-environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration by the coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that the urbanization level had been raising persistently from 2000 to 2016, the spatial urbanization was better than population urbanization, population urbanization was better than economic urbanization, and the social urbanization was relatively weak. The eco-environment level went on improving in fluctuation volatility which ecological pressure subsystem curve declined while ecological state subsystem and ecological protect subsystem kept going up. The coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environment in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration had a significantly upward trend. It achieved the change from the extremely unbalanced to well coordination which was experienced seriously unbalanced, preliminary unbalanced, preliminary coordination, moderate coordination, and well coordination. The coupling coordination characteristic of subsystems evolved from seriously unbalanced development with urbanization lagged to well coordination development with eco-environment lagged. The middle urbanization area was the dominant type in 17 cities and the spatial pattern of the high urbanization area remained double cores of Qingdao, Jinan and Dongying in northern area. The spatial pattern of slightly low urbanization area declined significantly, and low urbanization area was virtually non-existent. The superior eco-environment area was located in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao of eastern coastal area and Taian of middle area. The middle eco-environment area was spread from Jiaoji axis to the south and north area, but slightly low eco-environment area was located in Heze, Liaocheng, Binzhou. No areas exhibited inferior eco-environment. The regional difference of the coupling coordination levels between urbanization and eco-environment was significant and city coupling coordination degree had been increasing constantly from 2000 to 2016, while it showed the reducing trend of spatial distribution from eastern coastal area, Jinan metropolis circle to south-west areas. The subsystem coupling coordination development gradually changed from urbanization lagged to synchronization and eco-environment lagged. Gathering influence in the developed cities was clear while the problem of the urbanization and the eco-environment in backward area became very serious.