江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查

研究区属于江西武夷山国家级自然保护区范围,为中国亚热带东部最高的山地,森林原生性保存较为完好。2004—2012年,在研究区海拔300—2160 m范围,布设了穿越所有代表性生境的1条主样线和6条辅助样线,共记录有森林繁殖鸟188种,占中国东部丘陵平原亚区繁殖鸟种数的71.76%。在这些繁殖鸟中,物种数在10种及以上的优势科有鸫科(Turdidae)13种、鹟科(Muscicapidae)10种、画眉科(Timaliidae)21种、莺科(Sylviidae)22种,占研究区森林繁殖鸟种数的35.1%、雀形目(PASSERIFORMES)的51.2%。将研究区按海拔高度、植被类型和人类干扰程度分为4类生境进行分析,结果显示:物种数以次生林恢复区最多(138种)原生性森林区(127种)农林营作干扰区(119种)中山灌丛草甸区(51种),其中中山灌丛草甸区由于生境条件因素各项指标数值均最小,其余3类生境分区,无论是总鸟种数、雀形目鸟种数,还是优势科鸟种数,均支持中间膨胀效应(Mid-domain effect)。G-F指数由低海拔向高海拔依次降低,即:农林营作干扰区(DG-F=0.775)次生林恢复区(DG-F=0.772)原生性森林区(DG-F=0.760)中山灌丛草甸区(DG-F=0.603);雀形目鸟种G-F指数分析,原生性森林区(DG-F=0.650)则略大于次生林恢复区(DG-F=0.633),提示顶级植物群落更大的森林内部空间和多样的内部层次结构,对雀形目鸟种多样性具有积极意义。分析显示次生林恢复区与原生性森林区相似性系数最高,表明经过30a左右自然演替恢复的次生林,对于森林繁殖鸟来说其生态功能已接近顶级群落,而农林营作干扰区和中山灌丛草甸区相似性系数最低。同时,研究区鸡形目(GALLIFORMES)鸟类生态位分异表现最为典型。

Jiangxi Wuyishan-research on the diversity of forest breeding birds in the Northwest Slope of Huanggangshan

The research area belongs to Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, it is the highest mountain land in east of China subtropical area, and the original nature of forest is relatively intactly preserved. During 2004-2012, one main line and six auxiliary sample lines were laid across all the typical habitats at the scope of the altitude between 300 and 2160m in the research area, 188 kinds of forest breeding birds have been recorded, occupies 71.76 percent of the species number of forest breeding birds in China''s eastern hilly and plain subregion. Among these breeding birds, dominant families with 10 kinds or more species number are: Turdidae 13 kinds, Muscicapidae 10 kinds, Timaliidae 21 kinds, Sylviidae 22 kinds, occupies 35.1 percent of the species number of forest breeding birds in the research area and 51.2 percent of the Passeriformes. The research area was divided into 4 categories of habitat in accordance with altitude, vegetation form and human interference degree and analyzed. The result shows that recovering secondary area have the most species number(138 kinds) > original forest (127 kinds) > production activities interference area (119 kinds) > peak scrub meadow area (51 kinds), among the four areas the numerical value of every index of peak scrub meadow area is the smallest for the habitat condition factors, the remaining three kinds of habitat subareas sustain Mid-domain effect both in overall bird species number, Passeriformes bird species number, and in the bird species number of dominant families. The G-F index reduces as the altitude increases, namely production activities interference area(D_G-F =0.775) > recovering secondary area (D_G-F =0.772) > original forest (D_G-F =0.760) > peak scrub meadow area (D_G-F =0.603);in the G-F index analysis of Passeriformes bird species, the G-F index of original forest (D_G-F =0.650) is slightly higher than that of the recovering secondary area (D_G-F=0.633), which shows that bigger forest inner space and the various interior hierarchical structure of climax community have positive significance for the diversity of Passeriformes birds. Analysis shows that recovering secondary area and original forest area have the highest similarity coefficient, and indicates that the ecological functions of secondary forest after about 30 years natural succession recovery is already approximate to that of the climax community for forest breeding birds,while the similarity coefficient of production activities interference area and peak scrub meadow area is the lowest. Meanwhile, the Birds ecological Niche differentiation manifestation of Galliformes is most typical.