以生态景观构建乡村审美空间

乡村审美空间表层是非功利的,实质深层映射出人地关系本质的取向价值,是人地关系永久可持续发展问题。目前乡村研究多注重经济和土地利用,而以现实生态景观构建乡村审美空间还是有待于探讨的重要课题。近年来快速城市化发展,区域中的自然地理性质破坏对于乡村景观是致命的。立足地理生态环境架构乡村审美空间,分析乡村生态景观和审美空间对应的元素,以多尺度景观层面探寻表现在与之相映的景观空间形态结构、格局演化进程与机理响应,进而构建审美空间,组合形成现实的美丽景观体系。将生态文明和社会发展要求安排在景观空间格局配置的中,形成保持整体环境的景观网络。使得风景美的概念渗透在于城镇、乡村以至农田等更广阔的领域,从而建设具有风景画境界的"美丽乡村"。

From ecology landscape to construction of rural aesthetic spaces

On the surface, rural aesthetic spaces are not considered practical or utilitarian. However, mapping them out is valuable, because permanently sustainable development is the essence of the relationship between man and land. In the early agrarian age, the layout of rural areas was guided by people''s aesthetic views of ecology rather than modern precise statistics, calculations, and related design principles. The inherited philosophy of respecting the natural landscape is the original driving force for preserving aesthetic spaces. Ancient feng shui landforms should be preserved in China. These non-utilitarian elements carried villagers'' natural aesthetic philosophy across generations and captured the meaning of continuous development of the man-land relationship. At present, rural research focuses on the economics of land use. Research on the ecological landscape construction of rural aesthetic spaces is limited, and this needs to be investigated as an important topic in the field. As rural landscapes evolve, human agricultural activities leave an imprint on the aesthetics of ecological spaces, and modern layout patterns result in an inversion of the rural landscape. In recent years, the destruction of the regional geographical structure by the rapid development of modern urbanization has been devastating.My research aims to analyze rural ecological landscapes and aesthetic spaces corresponding to the elements, and how aesthetic spaces are constructed based on geographical frames. I will carry out a multi-scale study of morphological characteristics, landscape space, and the relationship between evolution patterns and response mechanisms. In large-scale landscape areas, preserving the spatial relationship between villages and geographic landscapes is particularly essential if villages are to inherit cultural and historical traditions. Town regions are medium-scale landscape areas. Based on the investigation of geographic elements such as mountain ranges and water systems, the principle of ecological art composition requires villages and fields to consider distribution contrast and plan the height, scale, and density of rural construction, road linearity and strength, and other urban construction indexes from the perspective of ecological aesthetics. Small-scale areas usually adopt aesthetic space composition with architectural design methods, which should consider natural aesthetic philosophy, interior and exterior spaces, and rural social factors. The combination of geography and urban planning that shapes spaces and the connotation of space far exceeds social relationships when determining the development scale and construction layout of rural areas. The priority is to maintain harmony in the social space. The construction of rural aesthetic space operates through the "hardware" of the geographical landscape and the "software" of cultural inheritance and accumulation with respect to landscape forms, mechanisms, functional structures, and so on. Rural landscape planning must use geography as its basic space structure, base itself on regional geographical space analysis and landscape preservation, and place importance on indexes of preservation of the regional landscape and traditional culture. It should be specified that the requirements of landscape optimization and socioeconomic development are embedded in the requirements of ecological civilization and social development in the layout of landscape space. These elements form a landscape network that can maintain the comprehensive environment. The philosophy of landscape aesthetics should be expanded to broader spaces in order to introduce the concept of landscape beauty to towns, villages, and even farmlands.