江苏省南通市农村生物质能资源潜力估算及地区分布

摸清农村生物质能资源潜力对南通市农村能源建设具有重大意义。以南通市为实证区域,利用草谷比、收集系数、折标系数、副产物系数并根据南通市可能源化利用的实际情况,从县域层面较为全面地估算了包括秸秆、农业加工副产品、人畜粪便等可能源化利用的生物质能资源总量。估算结果表明:(1)南通市每年提供的可能源化利用秸秆资源量约为105万t标煤,以稻秸、麦秸和油菜秸为主;农业加工副产品资源量约为20万t标煤,以稻壳、玉米芯、棉籽等为主;人禽粪便资源量为108万t标煤,以猪粪和禽粪为主,约占到资源总量的1/2。(2)南通市拥有较为丰富的生物质能资源,其中可能源化利用的生物质资源总量为年均233万t标煤,并且其资源总量呈增长趋势;预计在短期内其资源总量将增加到240万t标煤。(3)南通市生物质资源的地区分布极不均匀,从生物质能资源总量、单位国土面积生物质能资源量、人均生物质能资源量看,海安县、如东县和如皋市等经济比较薄弱的县市均具有明显优势,其中海安县在南通各县市中凭借其规模渐增的养殖业、种植业产生的生物质资源而遥遥领先;此外如东县的秸秆资源也具有重要地位。(4)南通市生物质资源的季节分布也不均匀,这种季节分布不均主要是由秸秆资源引起的,因为秸秆资源主要集中在秋季和春季,约占到60%—75%;而夏季和冬季则很少。这就给农村能源的持续开发利用带来一定难度。建议:需要针对各县市的生物质能开发利用的实际情况因地制宜合理开发生物质资源,科学布局避免恶性竞争,并及时做好秸秆资源的收集、转运与储存工作以避免资源的浪费和严重的环境污染,从而促进南通农村能源建设的健康发展。

Estimate and distribution of rural biomass resource potential in Nantong City Jiangsu Province

Establishing the potential of rural biomass energy resources is of great significance to the development and construction of rural energy infrastructure in Nantong. Based on a case study of the city of Nantong, and by using the residue to product ratio, the conversion coefficient to standard energy, and the collection coefficient according to the actual situation of the energy-oriented biomass resources of Nantong, this article provides a comprehensive estimate of the quantities of the many types of biomass energy resource available at the county level. These include, among others, crop straw, the residue of agricultural processes, the waste of humans and animals and so on. There are a number of observations that can be made based on these results, as follows. (1) There are about 1.05 million tons of energy-oriented straw resources available in Nantong annually, and these resources mainly include rice straw, wheat straw, and rape straw. There are 0.02 million tons of energy-oriented residue from agricultural processes comprising, amongst other things, rice hulls, corn cobs, and cottonseed. Humans and animals contribute about 1.08 million tons of energy-oriented waste, which is mainly from pig manure and bird guano, accounting for about half of the total resource available. (2) Nantong is rich in biomass resources with 2.33 million tons of energy-oriented biomass resources available annually, and the total amount is increasing. It is expected that available biomass resources will increase to 2.4 million tons in a short period. (3) These biomass resources are distributed very unevenly geographically and they tend to be concentrated mainly in Rudong County, Haian County, and Rugao City, where the economy is weaker than in other counties. Examining the total biomass resource of Nantong and the quantity of biomass resource produced per unit land area and per capita, it is established that the most important sources of biomass energy resources are from animal and human waste, and from the straw resources of Haian County because of the large-scale livestock breeding and crop farming in that area. The straw resources found in Rudong County also play an important role. (4) Furthermore, the biomass energy resource has a seasonal distribution. This mainly reflects the availability of the straw resources, of which about 60% to 75% of the annual amount is produced in fall and spring,whereas it is rare in summer and winter. Thus, to some extent, this makes it more difficult for Nantong to fully exploit and sustainably use its rural biomass energy resources. Therefore, the author suggests that biomass resources should be exploited in accordance with local conditions of each county. The development of the infrastructure and the use of the resources should be approached scientifically and rationally to avoid competition between these counties. Furthermore, the straw resources should be collected, transported, and stored in a timely manner to ensure waste of biomass resources is prevented and to counter serious environmental pollution. From the author''s perspective, all these measures will help the healthy development and construction of rural energy infrastructure in Nantong.