甘南高原不同生计方式农户的碳足迹分析

二氧化碳增加导致的全球气候变暖已成为当前人类社会面临的最严峻挑战,减少碳排放迫在眉睫。以地处青藏高原东缘的甘南高原为研究区,基于农户调查数据,采用生命周期评价法估算了甘南高原不同生计方式农户的生活直接能源消费碳足迹和间接能源消费碳足迹,并运用最小二乘法分析了影响农户碳足迹的关键因素。结果发现:(1)甘南高原农户年人均碳足迹达2.67 t CO2,其中,生活直接能源消费碳足迹比例达76.53%,间接能源消费碳足迹比例仅占23.47%;(2)随着非农化水平的提高,甘南高原农户的碳足迹依次下降,其中,纯农户人均碳足迹达4.32 t,兼业户与非农户分别为2.37 t和1.07 t;(3)随着农户家庭规模的增大、收入水平的提高、距县城距离的增加和消费水平的提高,农户碳足迹不断增加;随着劳动力受教育程度的提高、恩格尔系数的增加和非农化程度的提高,农户碳足迹不断减少。

Carbon footprint of farmers of different livelihood strategies in Gannan plateau

As the main feature of the climate change, Global warming which was caused by carbon dioxide increases has already become the most serious challenge for human society, and how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve low carbon transformation is extremely urgent. Gannan plateau was chosen as the research area in this paper, and based on the peasant household survey data, and adopt life cycle assessment method to study of different livelihood strategies of farmers'' carbon footprint in Gannan plateau. The paper estimates the direct and indirect energy consumption carbon footprint, and uses Least Square method to analyze the main influence factor of farmers'' carbon footprint.The results show: (1) The farmer''s per capital carbon footprints is 2.67 tCO₂ in Gannan plateau; (2) With the improvement of non-agricultural level, the farming household, and household with combined occupation and off farming household''s direct and indirect energy consumption carbon footprint, in turn, drops, among them, the direct carbon footprint per capita were 3.70 t, 1.93 t and 0.78 t, indirect carbon footprint per capita were 0.62 t, 0.44 t and 0.29 t, And with the non-agricultural level improving, the proportion of the farmer''s direct energy consumption will reduce, which is 85.65%, 81.43% and 72.90% respectively of its total carbon footprint. And indirect energy consumption will increase, which is 14.35%, 18.57% and 27.10% respectively of its total carbon footprint; (3) With peasant household family size increasing, income levels rising, the distance from the county town increasing and the level of consumption improvement, the farmers'' carbon footprint is growing constantly; With the improvement of education degree of farmers, increase of Engel coefficient and non-agricultural labor deepening, the peasant households'' carbon footprint is shrinking. Finally, in view of the present situation of Gannan plateau, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations: First, promoting the transformation of farmers livelihood, enhancing farmers livelihood diversification. Second, reducing the family population and improving the education level of labor force. Third, the farmer should adjust the life energy consumption pattern, such as advocating and encouraging farmers to use lower carbon efficient electricity or liquefied petroleum gas. Fourth, put the farmer, who lack of resources and live in remote, to a rich resources place, so as to the government can reasonably planning and constructing for energy infrastructure.