野生动物就地保护与其分布地经济发展的相容性

生态文明建设对野生动物资源保护提出了新的要求。在实践中,需要借鉴国内外研究成果和成功案例,并克服目前我国野生动物保护中存在的问题。综述了国内外相关文献,认为:目前世界上的野生动物就地保护方式主要是建立保护区和国家公园,在发挥保护作用同时,也给周边居民带来负面影响,从而制约了野生动物保护与当地社区经济的协调发展。传统的"命令-控制型"保护政策忽略了当地居民的生活需求,不利于形成居民积极的保护态度;居民的保护态度除了受来自野生动物造成的损害的影响,还和周边居民的年龄、受教育程度、经济收入等密切相关;为提高居民保护积极性,经济激励机制有着重要作用。目前,国内外保护工作中一般应用的经济激励措施主要包括直接经济补偿、生态旅游、现代狩猎、生态补偿等。

The progress and practice of consistency between in situ wildlife conservation strategies and the economic development of local people

The world''s current in situ wildlife conservation strategies are mainly in the form of nature reserves and national parks. To some extent, these strategies are effective to wildlife conservation, however, which also have negative impacts on the local people. The common conservation policies of command-and-control ignore the basic needs of local people, which is not beneficial to the formation of a positive conservation attitude of the local people. The attitude of local people towards wildlife conservation is not only influenced by the damage caused by wildlife, but is also related to various social and economic factors. So, the mechanism of economic incentive would play an important role in helping to improve the positivity of local people toward wildlife conservation. At present, the common economic incentives in the practice of wildlife conservation include direct financial compensation, ecotourism, modern hunting, ecological compensation and so on.