兰州城市宜居性评价及其空间特征

在新型城镇化背景下,宜居性已成为当前城市发展研究的热点。基于问卷调查、Arc GIS空间分析方法及聚类分析法,选取设施完善度、出行便捷度、居住安全度、环境健康度、景观优美度和居民归属感6个一级指标和27个分指标,建立城市宜居性综合评价模型。在此基础上,以兰州市主城区内的48个街道和1个高新技术开发区为研究对象,从市区层面、分区层面和片区层面3个空间尺度,对兰州市宜居性进行了系统评价,以期为兰州城市建设提供参考。结果表明:兰州市宜居性总体水平不高,市区层面上受河流山体的提升作用,宜居性整体呈带状分布;分区层面上东西部差异明显。其中,城关区宜居性最好,七里河最差;片区层面受城市空间结构的影响,呈"多中心"分布格局。

The livable evaluation and analysis of characteristics of space in Lanzhou

In 1898, Howard put forward "garden city" as an introspection of the expense human paid for cities'' vigorous development. One hundred years later, with the acceleration of urbanization China came the same problem. Nowadays, under the background of the new urbanization, livability as an important direction in the research of urban geography has become the hot topics in the study of urban development at present. Hence, many scholars focus on the study of urban residential suitability. This paper base on the data of numerous filed survey questionnaires on the six indexes such as facilities perfection, travel convenience, residential security, environmental health, landscape beauty and the sense of belonging of the local residents, questionnaires are designed to investigate the residents who had stable life in Lanzhou for more than a year. Then using the method of questionnaire, ArcGIS space analysis method and cluster analysis, and establish urban habitability comprehensive evaluation indexes and model. Choosing 48 streets and a high and technology development zone of major regions of Lanzhou as the research object. This paper evaluates the livability and analyses the spatial characteristics of Lanzhou city, from the perspective of the three spatial levels on city, district and area as basic unit. Study on the spatial structure of urban livability restrict factors has great theoretical and practical significance to urban development programming, and it can provide reference for the urban construction of Lanzhou. The following conclusions are drawn: Lanzhou city lives with a general level of overall livability. For instance, Chengguan which is located in the center of city is the most livable district and Qilihe is the worst. That is to say, the livability is obviously restricted by rivers and mountains spatially and expressed zonally along valleys. The livability of Lanzhou city turns out to be a "multi-center" pattern and present huge differences between east and west. Generally speaking, the score descents of the city level and district level gradually from city center to suburbs in spatial pattern and divergences of indexes are also lager. It accords with the result of evaluation on area level.