狗獾秋季对生境的选择——以黑龙江省方正林业局为例

在黑龙江省方正林业局新风林场利用痕迹检验法和洞穴辨别法对狗獾秋季生境选择进行研究。通过在选定的15个林班的23条样线进行调查,共测定了106个利用样方和106个对照样方的19种生态因子。结果表明,狗獾秋季利用样方和对照样方在优势乔木、坡向、灌木密度和灌木高度4种生态因子上差异极显著(P0.001),在灌木距离上差异显著(P0.05),其余的生态因子无显著差异(P0.05),相对于对照样方而言,狗獾秋季更偏爱选择位于阳坡,优势乔木为紫椴和黄菠萝,灌木密度大、高度高、距离近的生境。在典则系数的直方图上可以看出秋季狗獾的利用样方与对照样方存在一定的重叠,但是Wilk’sλ值显示秋季狗獾的利用样方与对照样方具有较高的差异性(Wilk’sλ=0.507,χ2=141.524,df=3,P0.001),较高比例的(84.0%)正确判别率也支持了这种差异性。逐步判别分析表明在区分秋季狗獾的利用样方与对照样方方面有3个生态因子发挥作用,依照贡献值的大小依次为:郁闭度、灌木密度和植被盖度。

Autumn habitat selection of eurasian badgers (Meles meles amurensis) a case of Fangzheng Forestry Bureau, Heilongjiang Province, China

Habitat selection of Eurasian badgers(Meles meles amurensis)was studied during autumn in Xinfeng Forest Farm of Fangzheng Forestry Bureau in Heilongjiang Province through examination of tracks and setts used by badgers.We searched 23 transects in 15 compartments and measured 19 ecological factors from 106 used sites and control plots.Despite the overlap between sites used by badgers and control plots in a histogram of canonical scores,the Wilk's lambda indicated a highly significantly difference(Wilk's λ=0.507,X~2=141.524,df=3,P＜0.001);the high proportion(84.0%)of discrimination also supported this difference.Comparison of sites used by badgers versus control plots showed that Eurasian badgers selected slopes on southerly aspects, areas where the dominant trees were Tilia amurensis and Phellodendron amurenae,slightly higher shrub density and height,and areas closer to shrubs.The stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that canopy closure,shrub density,and herbage coverage(in order of importance)as significant discriminating variables that improved the model.