北方农牧交错带农村居民食物消费特征

北方农牧交错带是我国典型生态脆弱区之一，恶劣的自然环境和落后的基础条件制约着生产和消费的发展。自2000年起，当地实施了一系列生态工程措施，引导农牧民由粗放型生产经营方式向集约型转变，改善区域生态环境的同时也优化了农牧业生产格局，居民食物消费结构随之改变。由于入户跟踪调查数据较难获取，现有食物消费研究缺少长时间尺度的消费特征变化研究，且农区和牧区的对比研究较少。以赤峰和鄂尔多斯为例，采用基于随机抽样调查方法收集的食物消费面板数据，对比研究2000—2020年典型农牧交错区的食物消费类型、结构及其数量变化。结果表明：生态工程实施以来，农牧居民食物消费种类趋于多样化，但消费结构不尽合理。赤峰趋于传统农区以谷类为主的消费结构，其谷类消费正在稳步减少，其他食物类型的消费增加；鄂尔多斯表现为多粮肉、少果蔬的消费结构，兼具农牧区的消费特点，其谷类和畜肉消费的年际波动较大，体现出传统牧区粗放式经营下产出不稳定的特点。食物消费总量持续增长，截至2020年，农牧居民谷类消费偏多，肉蛋类、豆类和食用油消费较为适度，薯类和果蔬类消费不足，奶类消费涨幅虽十分突出，但仍比我国膳食标准低20倍以上，因此减少谷类消...

Food consumption characteristics of rural residents in the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China

The farming-pastoral ecotone is one of the ecologically fragile areas in northern China. The poor natural conditions and backward economic conditions restricted the development of production and consumption of rural residents. Since 2000, the local government has implemented a series of ecological restoration and treatment projects, and guided farmers and herdsmen to change from an extensive production pattern to an intensive one. It has improved the regional ecological conditions and optimized the production pattern of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the food consumption structure of residents has also changed accordingly. Previous studies of food consumption lacked research of long-term consumption change, which was due to the difficulty in obtaining the household tracking survey data. Besides, there were few comparative studies between farming and pastoral areas. Taking Chifeng and Ordos as examples, we used the food consumption panel data collected through the random sampling survey, to study the food consumption types and their changes of structure and quantity in the typical farming-pastoral ecotone from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that since the implementation of the ecological projects, the food consumption types have tended to diversify,but the consumption structure has still been unreasonable of rural residents. In Chifeng, the consumption structure was dominated by grains similar to the traditional farming areas; the grain consumption was steadily decreasing, while the consumption of other food types was increasing. In Ordos, the consumption structure was characterized by high consumption of grains and meat and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, which combined the characteristics of farming and pastoral areas. The annual consumption of grains and livestock meat in Ordos fluctuated greatly, reflecting the unstable output of extensive management in traditional pastoral areas. Overall, the total food consumption in Chifeng and Ordos has continued to grow in the past 20 years, with interannual variations determined by grains and meat. By 2020, grain consumption still exceeded the dietary standard of the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda, the consumption of meat, legumes and edible oil was moderate, and the consumption of potatoes, fruits and vegetables was insufficient. Especially the consumption of dairy foods increased significantly, but it was still 20 times lower than the dietary standard. Therefore, reducing grain consumption and increasing dairy consumption were the key points to adjusting the consumption structure at present. Our results can provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of food consumption structure and the optimization of agriculture and animal husbandry in the farming-pastoral ecotone.