太阳能消毒对温室土壤环境效应及防治黄瓜根结线虫病效果

采用室内测定与大田试验相结合的方法,研究了太阳能不同消毒方式对温室土壤环境的效应及对温室黄瓜根结线虫病的控制效果.结果表明,垄沟式覆盖地膜处理对温室土壤温度、土壤酶的活性、微生物数量的影响最明显,处理16d,棚室10、20、30、40、50cm深土壤的最高温度依次是59.1、57.7、56.6、48.9、47.6℃,平均每天超过55、50、45℃持续时间分别为7.5、8.5h和16h;土壤温度的升高,有利于提高对根结线虫的杀灭效果.0～20cm土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶分别降低43.3%、18.7%、20.1%和13.1%;土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量分别降低96.0%、84.8%、53.9%.垄沟式未覆膜处理对土壤环境的影响次之,平面式未覆膜的影响最小,酶活性降低及土壤微生物数量下降对土壤的活性有一定的负效应.垄沟式覆膜太阳能消毒对温室黄瓜根结线虫控制效果最显著,持效期最长,能有效杀灭温室0～50cm土壤内根结线虫;处理后第1年和第2年对温室黄瓜根结线虫控制效果均达到100%,第3年防效96.7%,第5年仍达72.8%.垄沟式未覆膜控制效果次之;平面式未覆膜控制效果最差,持效期最短.

Effects of solarization on the cucumber root knot nematodes and soil environment under solar greenhouse

Effects of the different methods of Solarization on greenhouse soil temperature, enzyme activity and microbial population, and cucumber root knot nematodes were studied in both laboratory and field experiments. The results showed that Solarization of soil in ridge and furrow with plastic film mulching was the most effective method to affect greenhouse soil temperature, enzyme activity and microbial population. After 16 days of treatment, the highest soil temperature in the depth of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm was 59.1, 57.7, 56.6, 48.9 and 47.6 ℃, respectively. In addition, the daily time period of the soil temperature over 55, 50 and 45℃ was 7.5, 8.5 and 16 h, respectively. With the increasing of soil temperature, the killing effects were improved. The activities of urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase in 0-20 cm deep soil were reduced by 43.3%, 18.7%, 20.1% and 13.1%, respectively. The populations of soil fungi, bacteria and actinomycete were reduced by 96.0%, 84.8% and 53.9%, respectively. However, the reduction of soil enzyme activity and microbial populations had some negative effects on soil environment. The above method had the most significant effect on soil as compared to the other 2 methods we also evaluated. Solarization of soil in ridge and furrow without plastic film mulching was less effective and that in flat soil without plastic film mulching was the least effective. The ridge and furrow Solarization with plastic film mulching can effectively control the cucumber root knot nematodes in the soil depth of 10-50cm. The control was 100% after one and two years, 96.7% after three years, and 72.8% after five years of solarization, respectively. The effect of ridge and furrow with plastic film mulching on the cucumber root knot nematodes was the best and its effective duration was the longest. In contrast, the ridge and furrow Solarization without plastic film mulching was less effective and the flat Solarization without plastic film mulching was the least effective for cucumber root knot nematode control.