西北太平洋柔鱼渔业生物经济模型及其管理策略

西北太平洋柔鱼是中国大陆、日本及中国台湾鱿钓船队共同开发的主要经济头足类之一,如何兼顾鱿钓船队的渔业利益,并综合考虑生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,科学制定渔业管理目标是确保柔鱼资源可持续利用的重要研究内容。根据中国大陆、日本及中国台湾鱿钓船队的渔获统计数据及相关经济参数,构建基于多船队的生物经济模型,模拟了50年内(1997—2047年)各捕捞船队开发柔鱼资源过程中的动态变化,并探讨了在10种不同的管理方案下各船队捕捞努力量、柔鱼资源量、渔获产量及其渔业利润随时间的动态变化。结果表明,在所有设计方案下,随着捕捞努力量的动态变化,资源量在前10a均呈急剧下降趋势,随后经长期波动后逐渐趋于稳定并维持在较低水平。从长期效益来看,方案9(提高中国台湾船队捕捞系数)的累计产量及累计利润中等,但能兼顾各国或地区船队间的经济利益和社会效益,可建议以方案9作为柔鱼渔业的参考管理目标;从柔鱼资源保护角度来看,方案4(提高中国大陆船队作业成本)的资源量保持最好,可以对方案4进行适当的优化作为参考管理目标,即提高中国大陆船队作业成本,同时适当降低日本船队的可捕系数,可确保柔鱼资源量保持在更高的水平上。

A bio-economic simulation model and its management strategy of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean is one of the important economic cephalopods of China mainland, Japan and Chinese Taiwan squid jigging fleets. How to balance the fisheries interests and how to make the scientific fishery management programs by considering the biological, economic and social benefits is one of the important contents in the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. A multi-fleet bio-economic model was established using fishery catch data and correlative fishing economic data from the squid fishery in China mainland, Japan and Chinese Taiwan squid jigging fleets, and simulated the dynamic changes of O. bartramii fishery development during the period 1997 to 2047 in each squid jigging fleet. And it also discussed the dynamic variations of fishing efforts, biomass, yield, fishery profits, and corresponding accumulative yields and profits over 50 years under different management programs in each squid jigging fleet. The results showed that the biomass of the O. bartramii has been decreasing significantly in the first 10 years with the dynamic variation of fishing efforts under all fishery management programs. And it gradually stabilized and maintained at a low level after long-term fluctuations. From the long-term benefits, the accumulative yield and profits were medium under the fishery management program 9, i.e., increasing catchability coefficient of Chinese Taiwan fleet, and this scenario could balance the economic and social benefits in different squid jigging fleets of the three countries and regions, so it was suggested as reference management program of O. bartramii fishery. From the perspective of squid resources conservation, the biomass of O. bartramii was maintained well under the management program 4, i.e., increasing the fishing costs of China mainland squid jigging fleet. So we can optimize this scenario and make it as the reference management program, i.e., increasing the fishing costs of China mainland fleet, while appropriate to reduce the catchability coefficient of the Japanese fleet. This could ensure the biomass of O. bartramii maintain at a higher level.