鄂尔多斯东胜地区不同生态功能区的土壤侵蚀敏感性

利用ETM影像数据和GIS技术,对鄂尔多斯东胜地区进行生态功能分区.以水土流失通用方程 (universal soil loss equation, USLE) 理论为基础,并依据土壤侵蚀敏感性驱动力的相似性和差异性,分析了降水、土壤质地、地形和地表覆盖因子对该区域不同生态功能分区土壤侵蚀与水土流失敏感性的影响.研究结果表明:典型草原丘陵区土壤侵蚀敏感性指数SSj为4.2,典型草原平原区为4.0,典型草原沙化区为4.6,荒漠草原区土壤侵蚀敏感性指数为5.0;4个生态功能区的土地沙漠化都属于土地沙漠化高度敏感区,其由高到低的排序为荒漠草原区 > 典型草原沙化区 = 典型草原平原区 > 典型草原丘陵区;就土壤侵蚀程度而言,典型草原平原区属于土壤侵蚀轻度敏感区,荒漠草原区、典型草原沙化区、典型草原丘陵区属于土壤侵蚀中度敏感区.将其土壤侵蚀化程度由高到低排序:荒漠草原区 > 典型草原沙化区 > 典型草原丘陵区 > 典型草原平原区;就土壤盐渍化而言,典型草原丘陵区属于土地盐渍化不敏感区,其它3个区属于土地盐渍化轻度敏感区.在综合评价其土壤侵蚀敏感性区域差异基础上,阐述了鄂尔多斯东胜地区水土流失敏感性区域土地利用格局的调整与优化取向.

Area division of sensitivity to water-caused soil loss in ecologically functioning areas of Dongsheng, Erdos

Based on an ETM, which utilized remote sensing software and geographical information systems software to construct a number of channel compositions, and by employing geometry correcting technology with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) as a pair of theory foundations, we used map algebra methods to assess the sensitivity of soil erosion in ecologically functional areas in Dongsheng, Erdos. Within this region were typical grassland hills areas, typical grassland districts, typical grassland desertification areas, desert grassland districts and urban residential districts. We classified the influence of precipitation, soil, topography and vegetation upon factors of soil erosion into five different degrees. As a result, we concluded research with an assessment map of each factor. We also drew integrated assessment maps of the sensitivity of soil erosion by overlapping these functions with ArcGIS. Through these assessments, clear possibilities for light, area coverage and spatial distribution patterns in soil erosion sensitivity came to light. Steppe hilly area of soil erosion sensitivity index SSj was 4.2, typical steppe plain area was 4.0, typical grassland desertification area was 4.6, desert grassland area of soil erosion sensitivity index was 5.0; This report also assesses the effective countermeasures controlling said soil erosion. The result will provide an important support base for partition management of ecological environments, the sustainable use of land resources, effective control of soil erosion, which will be of wide interest in the future.