河岸带生态系统植被与土壤对水文变化的响应研究进展

河岸带的植被与土壤是生态系统重要组成部分，对于维持河岸带的生态健康、生态系统服务与可持续性具有至关重要的作用。水文变化是河岸带生态系统的首要干扰因子，系统总结了水文变化对河岸带植被的特征以及植被形态、群落分布、繁殖、生存策略的影响，并阐述了河岸带水文和植被对土壤氮磷迁移转化的影响机制。根系作为土壤与植物地上部分之间物质、能量流动与信号传导的关键纽带，目前对根系的研究还较欠缺，需要加强水文变化对河岸带湿地植物根系形态、结构、功能特征的影响机理研究，以及湿地植物对水文变化的适应机制和耐受阈值方面的探究。在微观方面，应加强水文变化与植被等多因素耦合对土壤氮磷迁移转化过程的机理研究。河流形态和土壤的多样性决定着河岸带水文作用特征的复杂性，今后需注重河岸带个性特征与水文响应的关系研究。河岸带是横向的水陆生态过渡带和河流上下游的纵向生态廊道，亟需综合考虑和模拟流域土壤、植被与水文、人类活动之间的耦合关系，预测未来气候与社会经济情境下的河岸带生态系统演变规律，为河岸带生态系统的生态调节、生物多样性保护与生态恢复等提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Research progresses on the response of vegetation and soil to hydrological changes in riparian ecosystems

The vegetation and soil in the riparian zone are the key elements of the ecosystem, which greatly contribute to maintaining the ecological health, systematical service and sustainability of the riparian zone. The hydrological change is the main influence factor to the riparian ecosystem. This paper summarized the impacts of hydrological changes on the morphology, reproduction, community distribution, survival strategies of riparian vegetation, by describing the mechanism of soil nitrogen and phosphorus transfer cycles and enrichment migration and transformation under the hydrological effect. At present, the research of hydrological changes on riparian wetland plants is mainly based on the above-ground parts of plants such as plants morphology, physiology and ecology, community distribution and succession, however, the research on the morphological, structural, and functional characteristics of the root system is relatively weak. While the root system plays an essential role in the transmission of the material, energy and signal between the soil and above-ground part of the plant, the related research is still insufficient. It is vital to increase the research on the influence mechanism of hydrological changes to the morphological, structural and functional characteristics of riparian wetland plant roots, as well as the adaptive mechanism and tolerance threshold of wetland plants to the hydrological changes. Besides, the study of the mechanism of hydrological changes on the transfer and transformation of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in microscopic aspect should also be strengthened. The influence and the control methods of soil adsorption, plant absorption, and denitrification on the process of nitrogen interception and transformation under the unique hydrological environment of the riparian zone should also be clarified; it is necessary to study in depth and simulation the law of migration cycle.of the form and quantity of phosphorus in different media of riparian plants, soil and water. River morphology and the diversity of soil determines the complexity of the hydrological characteristics of the riparian zone. In the future, it is necessary to focus on the study of the relationship between the individual characteristics of the riparian zone and the hydrological response. The riparian zone is the water-land ecological transition zone in horizontal view and the ecological corridor between the upstream and downstream of the river in vertical view. Thus, it is necessary to take the relationship between watershed soil, substitution, topography, hydrology, and human activities into consideration and simulation; predict the changing pattern of the riparian ecosystem in the future climate and socio-economic scenarios to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the ecological adjustment, biological protection and ecological restoration of the riparian ecosystem.