啮齿动物捕食和搬运蒙古栎种子对种群更新的影响

2010-2011年,在东北林业大学城市林业示范基地研究了啮齿动物对蒙古栎种子的捕食和搬运。结果表明,蒙古栎种子捕食率在年际间无显著差异,但2010年的蒙古栎种子搬运率显著高于2011年,存留率显著低于2011年。啮齿动物在胡桃楸林、樟子松林、水曲柳林和白桦林内对蒙古栎种子的总捕食率和总搬运率分别达到(5.7±13.5)%和(27.1±37.1)%。蒙古栎种子在樟子松林内的捕食率和搬运率均最高,胡桃楸林内蒙古栎种子存留率最高;2010年蒙古栎种子在与蒙古栎林边缘距离0,10,20,30,40,50m组间的捕食率无显著差异,搬运率和存留率有显著差异,但2011年蒙古栎种子在不同距离组间的捕食率呈显著差异,搬运率和存留率无显著差异。与蒙古栎林边缘距离20m处蒙古栎种子的捕食率最高。2010年和2011年,分别有(37.8±49.7)%和(27.7±49.8)%的蒙古栎种子被啮齿动物利用,这表明啮齿动物是林业示范基地内蒙古栎地表种子的主要捕食者。冬季食物匮乏秋季贮藏种子是造成啮齿动物对蒙古栎种子有较大捕食、扩散压力的主要原因。因此,啮齿动物对蒙古栎种子的捕食和搬运影响了蒙古栎林的种群更新。

Patterns of seed predation and removal of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) by rodents

During 2010 and 2011, seed predation and removal of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) were studied in the City forestry demonstration base of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that: there was no significant difference in Mongolian oak seed predation rate among the two years. But Mongolian oak seed removal rate in 2010 was significantly higher than 2011, and the remaining rate was significantly lower than that of 2011. The total seed predation rate and removal rate of Mongolian oak by rodents respectively were (5.7±13.5)% and (27.1±37.1)%. Mongolian oak seed predation rate and removal rate were the highest in scotch pine forest because of predation and removal. Seed remaining rate was the highest in Manchurian walnut forest. Mongolian oak seed predation rate had not significantly different in 0m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m distance group that were apart from edge of Mongolian oak forest, but removal rate and remaining rate had significant difference in 2010. Seed predation rate had significant difference at different distance group, removal rate and remaining rate had not significantly different in 2011. Mongolian oak seed predation rate was the highest at 20m. There were (37.8±49.7)% and (27.7±49.8)% Mongolian oak seed were used by rodents in 2010 and 2011, respectively. This showed that the rodents were the main ground seeds predators of the City forestry demonstration base, winter food shortages and autumn storage seeds could be the main reason that caused Mongolian oak seed have large predation and spread stress by rodents. Therefore, seed predation and removal of Mongolian oak by rodents could affect the fates of Mongolian oak seeds and population regeneration.