珠三角城市绿地CO2通量的季节特征

城市绿地是城市碳循环的重要组成部分,利用长期定位观测资料估算珠三角典型城市绿地的CO2通量,可以为应对气候变化、评价区域碳源汇提供参考。应用2009、2010年,东莞市植物园内的涡度相关法CO2通量定位观测资料,分析了净生态系统交换量(NEE)的年变化及其与气象要素的关系,结果表明:(1)年平均NEE总量为-104.2 gC.m-.2a-1,表明城市绿地生态系统具有固碳能力。(2)NEE随光温条件变化呈现明显的季节动态,12至3月表现为碳源,其他月份表现为碳汇。(3)根据白天NEE与光合有效辐射(PAR)逐月拟合Michaelis-Menten方程,得到年平均表观初始光能利用率(α)为(0.00134±0.00035)mgCO.2μmol-1光子,年平均光饱和生态系统生产力(Pmax)为(1.006±0.283)mgCO.2m-.2s-1。(4)利用夜间呼吸(Reco)与5 cm土壤温度(Ts)拟合指数方程,得到年平均Reco总量为1378.1 gC.m-.2a-1。(5)NEE与PAR、气温(Ta)和饱和水压差(VPD)的相关性分析显示,NEE与PAR偏相关系数的绝对值大于Ta和VPD,表明PAR对NEE的影响最大。

Seasonal characteristics of CO2 fluxes above urban green space in the Pearl River Delta, China

Urban green space plays a significant role on carbon cycling in urban areas.Accurate estimation of CO2 fluxes above urban green space using the long-term field observation method provides critical information about climate change reactions and regional carbon sequestration evaluations.Continuous eddy-covariance measurements of CO2 fluxes were conducted to analyze the carbon exchange status in 2009 and 2010.The analyses included daily variations in the CO2 fluxes during different seasons,annual variations in light response parameters,including apparent light use efficiency(α) and maximum photosynthetic productivity(Pmax).Annual variations in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange(NEE) and the ecosystem respiration(Reco) were also studied. A tower located in the botanical garden of Dongguan with 4 levels and a total height of 20 m was used for the measurements.The CO2 flux at a height of 20 m was analyzed to study the CO2 exchange between an urban green space and the atmosphere interface.According to the eddy-covariance method and the detection limits of the instrument,abnormal data were removed to ensure accuracy.The daytime NEE and the photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) were used to formulate the Michaelis-Menten model as the gap-filling model during the daytime,while the night respiration(Reco) and soil temperature at 5 cm depth(Ts) were used to calculate the exponential equation as the gap-filling model at night. The major results were:(1) the NEE was-91.9 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2009 and-116.5 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2010,indicating that urban green space was a net carbon sink.The NEE varied seasonally with environmental factors.Urban green space was a carbon source from December-March and a carbon sink from April-November each year.(2) The daily total CO2 flux(Fc) was negative during the winter,but positive during the other seasons.CO2 storage(Fs) occupied a larger proportion during winter than during the other seasons.Daily CO2 concentrations(Cc) were highest before sunrise and lowest after sunset.Cc was highest in the winter and lowest in the summer.(3) The annual average α was(0.00134±0.00035) mgCO2·μmol-1Photons and Pmax was(1.006±0.283) mgCO2·m-2·s-1.(4) The annual Reco was 1370.4 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2009 and 1384.8 gC·m-2·a-1 in 2010.Reco varied with changes in the soil temperature during the year.The simulated Reco during the night was less than the daytime result produced by the Michaelis-Menten model at the same temperature.(5) Because the urban green space was a mixture of forest and grassland,the NEE of the urban green space was smaller than that of a forest ecosystem,but larger than a grassland ecosystem.Compared with other urban green spaces,the NEE in Dongguan was lower than northern urban forests due to the high Reco caused by high temperatures.(6) Correlation analyses between the NEE and meteorological factors like the PAR,air temperature(Ta) and saturation vapor pressure differential(VPD) were performed.The partial correlation coefficient of the PAR was larger than the others,indicating that the PAR was the most important factor to the NEE.The partial correlation coefficient of Ta was negative during the winter and positive during the summer.The partial correlation coefficient of VPD was positive year-round and was higher under high VPD conditions.